In this article, which is part of an ongoing research, a classification is proposed for ratio comparison problems, according to their context, their quantity type, and their numerical structure. Deriving from this classification, an interview protocol was designed, and guidelines for the interpretation of answers into strategies were decided. A…

Three years of assessment data have been collected since The No Child Left Behind Act took effect. The purpose of this paper was to determine what effect adequate yearly progress (AYP) requirements have had on student achievement as measured by achievement level categorization across years. In measuring how well students are achieving in the wake…

A taxonomy of metadiscourse--defined as discourse that people use not to expand referential material but to help their readers connect, organize, interpret, evaluate, and develop attitudes toward that material--was proposed in "College Composition and Communication" (Vande Kopple, 1985). More surveying and classifying has been done since…

Classical research operations in the cognitive sciences concern categorizations as well as classifications, and have been strongly influenced by nomological approaches. As a consequence, information processing has been explained with reference to syntactic-semantic models. Because of an absence of structural implications, personal interpretations…

This report provides empirical results of attempts to achieve consistency of estimates between two National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) surveys. These surveys are the 1991- 92 Private School Survey (PSS) and the Private School Component of the 1990-91 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). Consistency was sought in the numbers of schools,…

This paper considers the role philosophy plays in model construction, focusing on the re-visioning of the classroom, an emerging philosophy influencing the perception of instructional development (ID) models. The constructs of paradigm, model, theory, philosophy, and phenomenology are presented as a way of reflecting on the philosophical origins…

The short-term (45-day) stability of the Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents (P. McDermott, N. Marston, and D. Stott, 1993) was studied with 51 first and fifth graders, seven of whom were classified as "exceptional/disabled." Significant test-retest reliability coefficients were obtained, and mean differences from test to…

While there are many ways to differentiate among community colleges (size, control, student characteristics, etc.), there have been few attempts to categorize them. The Carnegie Foundation's classification system, published first in 1971 and since revised several times, categorizes research universities, comprehensive institutions, liberal arts…

This book provides a practice guide for students and mental health professionals who provide psychotherapy. It begins by looking at who the patients are and discussing why they come for therapy. A classification system divides all patients into one of four large groups: (1) normal-neurotic; (2) narcissistic; (3) borderline; and (4) psychotic. This…

This book suggests creative, classroom-tested mathematics activities to teach number recognition and counting, number formation, sorting and classification, measuring (including time and date), shapes, graphing, estimating, ordinal positions, money, patterning, tallying, and fractions. Activities are presented in the forms of games, crafts, songs,…

This volume is a compilation of the papers presented at the 10th ASIS (American Society for Information Science) workshop on classification research. Major themes include the social and cultural informatics of classification and coding systems, subject access and indexing theory, genre analysis and the agency of documents in the ordering of…

The National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) is a household survey conducted periodically by the Department of Education that evaluates the literacy skills of a sample of adults in the United Stages ages 16 and older. NAAL results are used to characterize adults literacy skills and to inform policy and programmatic decisions. The Committee on…

This report looks at the distribution of earnings by occupation for all workers and separately for men and women as reported on the Census 2000 long form. Earnings include wages, salaries, and self-employment income (see Text Box: What is "Earnings"? for more details). Whereas income questions have been asked on the decennial census only since…

Discusses seals in terms of their classification, ecological influences, their pelage, moult and thermoregulation, respiratory and vascular systems, predation and mortality. (JR)