Different approaches for measuring instructional quality have been debated. Previous studies based on student ratings have primarily used class-average ratings. Beyond this, the high within-classroom variability of students' ratings might indicate that instruction caters to some, but not all students. Therefore, we investigated student-reported…

This dissertation consists of two chapters on topics in Industrial Organization. In Chapter 1, I discuss a central question of the policy debate on public education: how to get more for less. Charter schools have been a tool in this arena to pressure traditional public schools to improve or lose students to them. Moreover, charter schools…

Pharmacy practice change is facilitated by delegation, teamwork, leadership and reorganization of personnel structure and roles. The international pharmaceutical federation (FIP) recommends that society should have access to appropriately trained pharmaceutical personnel. Three cadres form the pharmacy workforce: pharmacists, technicians and…

Drawing on adult learning theory, this article proposes a coaching stance that is conducive to cultivating teacher agency and developing teacher effectiveness. As university-based teacher educators and literacy coaches in a large urban school district, the authors describe the evolution of three distinct coaching stances, based on a 3-year…

Higher education has seen substantial changes with the growing integration of computer-based intelligence technologies into the learning process. Nevertheless, the acceptance of computer-based intelligence in advanced educational settings is still faced with various difficulties, including perceived dangers, implementation assumptions, and…

Student-athletes in university undergo assessments in both sport and academic domains, which can encompass varying conceptions and outcomes related to assessment. However, questions on whether this 'doubling up' of assessments result in similar or different assessment-related outcomes, or whether assessments are conceived the same way across sport…

Authentic assessment -- where instructors create a realistic, cognitively challenging learning environment -- is critical in environmental science education. However, academic staff insufficiently rely on best practices in authentic learning due to lack of knowledge or interest. Here, we evaluate existing frameworks to improve the authenticity of…

This alternating treatment design single case study investigated the effects of email-based performance feedback (PF) and immersive video within virtual reality (IVVR) on two preservice teachers' use of behavior-specific praise (BSP). Both participants demonstrated increased BSP rates following both intervention conditions. Findings suggest that…

Background: Mixed reality simulations (MRSs) offer a platform for novice teachers to practice teaching in the absence of real children. Though prior research suggests simulated practice can be beneficial for novice teachers, these studies describe widely varying designs and implementations across teacher education programs (TEPs). As such, we lack…

Background: Students' initial experiences at university often shape their attendance and attainment. For some students, university is a positive experience, whereas others seemingly struggle and have more negative emotions. Unearthing distinctions in first-year students' emotionality may be valuable in understanding their academic engagement and…

Organizational management is very important in running an efficient business and keeping up with the modern era. The purpose of this article is to present organizational problems, challenges, and key successes factor for an organization's performance. The first phase of the paper presents the problems seen in organizations, such as corporate…

The mission of the Palau Ministry of Education is to ensure that their students will be successful in Palauan society and the world. Schools are the heart of Palau's communities, reflecting the rich culture of the nation. They incorporate a unique blend of traditional values and modern methodologies to support learning for the diverse and…

With the ever-expanding role of technology in schools, many teachers have participated in one-time, stand-alone workshops to learn how to use a new program, app, or other tool. While that may provide a helpful introduction to the basics and highlight inspirational examples of what the tool can do, it doesn't often translate into teachers applying…

First-generation (FG) college students (i.e., those for whom neither parent/guardian obtained a bachelor's degree) experience more barriers in college, compared with continuing-generation students. These barriers are compounded by subtle messages from instructors that convey the idea that natural talent is necessary for success in scientific…

Widespread recognition of trauma's harmful impacts and the related consequences for children, families, and society has resulted in Federal, State, and local initiatives over the last decade to resolve trauma-related issues through the promotion of Trauma-Informed Care. Research of successful implementations of Trauma-Informed Care are a few. This…