A debate concerning specific issues and the general usefulness of the Rasch latent trait test model is continued. Methods of estimation, necessary sample size, and the applicability of the model are discussed. (JKS)

A scoring technique for true-false tests is presented. The technique, paired item scoring, involves combining two statements and having the student select one of the four resultants possible: true-true, false-true, true-false, and false-false. The combined item is treated as a multiple choice item. (Author/JKS)

Item-test correlations are compared to item test-retest correlations as measures for selecting items in test construction. The author concludes that the item test-retest method is superior for item analysis which aims at getting shorter tests while maintaining test stability. (Author/JKS)

This article discusses the development, field test, and uses of the counseling-orientation scale (COS), a scale for assessing relative preferences for seven major counseling orientations. Procedures used to develop and validate it are presented. The COS field test, reliability, and normative data are described. (Author)

The theoretical issue was whether a general motivation towards effectiveness or competence could be observed in the free activity of pre-school children. Implications of the concept of effectiveness-motivation were discussed. (Author/RK)

The appropriateness of raw score reports of human traits is questioned, especially in light of the support provided for Holland's theory by normed scores and the stereotypic career options suggested to males and females by raw scores. (Author)

Achievement motivation was successfully measured among male and female college students by having the students rate eight Thematic Apperception Test cards for similarity and scaling the results in two dimensions: number of persons and degree of strong affect. The Rorschach Inkblot Test was not effective in determining need for achievement. (CTM)

The Tactile Test of Basic Concepts (TTBC), a tactile analog to the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts (BTBC), was field tested with 75 blind students (kindergarten to grade 2) and the scores compared with those of sighted Ss used in the standardization sample for the BTBC. (Author/IM)

Explains and provides examples of test validity and reliability. (SL)

Reliability estimates support the use of teacher evaluation forms, while validity coefficients do not, thus indicating that the use of responses to teacher evaluation forms in making decisions is ill-advised. (MB)

A study to determine the acceptability, reliability, and usefulness of collecting information from fellow students of medical school applicants showed the procedure to be well accepted by candidates and fellow students with comparative ratings showing a broad distribution that makes possible identification of candidates with strengths and…

The author responds to W. Arndt's and M. Byrne's criticisms of the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test (NSST), a test for assessing receptive and expressive grammar in young children. (SBH)

To determine the validity of the Imitation of Gestures Technique as a measure of visual motor functioning, the performance of 295 preschoolers on the test was correlated with age and scores from the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. (Author/CL)

Described is the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, a measure for evaluating the infant's motor, emotional, social, and cognitive development by providing typical interactive situations. (SBH)