Investigated item bias on six subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised for four sociocultural groups (N=950), Anglo, Black, Chicano, and Native American Papago (NAP). Results of statistical indexes indicated no or negligible bias against Blacks and Chicanos. Found evidence suggesting bias in some verbal scales with NAPs.…

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised protocols from two vocational counseling clients were scored by 19 psychologists and 20 graduate students. Regardless of scorer's experience level, mechanical scoring error produced summary scores varying by as much as 4 to 18 IQ points. (Author/RC)

The Rational Behavior Inventory and other scales of psychological adjustment were administered to mental health outpatients (N=75) who were receiving psychotherapy. Significant correlations were found between all measures in expected directions, and significant pre- to postscale differences identified consistently with expected effects of…

Discusses a series of six studies that investigated the performance of 66 reading and learning disabilities specialists and classroom teachers who diagnosed simulated reading or learning disability cases and suggested remediation plans. Results indicate that both commonality and individual agreement among participants was very low. (AEA)

The need for reliable, valid, and economical preschool screening measures to identify psychoeducational problems as mandated by P.L. 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Child Act) led to the development of the Minneapolis Preschool Screening Instrument (MPSI). (SW)

Nonrestricted-answer, multiple-choice test items are recommended as a way of including more facts and fewer incorrect answers in test items, and they do not cue successful guessing as restricted multiple choice items can. Examination construction, scoring, and reliability are discussed. (MSE)

Explored the relationship between the Revised Peabody Picture Vocabulary test (PPVT-R) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) for a sample of 38 mentally retarded children. Found the PPVT-R correlated significantly with the WISC-R Verbal Performance and Full Scale IQ scores. (Author)

Difficulties inherent in grading individual student projects are highlighted in a study of five teachers' differential grading. Among the issues addressed are the reliability of the grading (agreement of teachers), effect of knowledge of the student on grading, grading criteria, and influence of grading schemes provided for the teachers. (MSE)

Raises questions about the wisdom of relying on any single measure, especially a norm-referenced one such as the ACT, for making selective admission, retention, and certification decisions in teacher education. (FL)

Outlines a research framework, in which emphasis is placed upon validity, reliability, and utility, for the systematic evaluation of simulation and gaming instruments and suggests how this framework can be employed in the selection and use of instructional simulations and games. Three tables accompany the text. (Author/JL)

Investigations of the Inventory of Learning Processes (ILP) with college freshmen revealed satisfactory internal consistency coefficients for two of the four ILP scales but cast doubt on the factor structure of the inventory. As predictors of grade point average of Australian students, the scales were successful. (Author/GK)

Thirty nine 11-year-old children were given the same unilateral word-naming task on two separate occasions. A test-retest reliability of .46 was a function of both reading ability and sex. (Author)

Achievement test reliability and validity as a function of ability were determined for multiple sections of a large undergraduate French class. Results did not support previous arguments that decreasing the number of options results in a more efficient test for high-level examinees, but less efficient for low-level examinees. (Author/GK)

Seeks to provide a better understanding of the relationship between theory and the counseling process as it affects Black clients. Concludes that understanding the Black client's frame of reference is crucial in assessing the adequacy of counseling theory and in implementing it effectively with Black clients. (JAC)

A two-year study of the factors suspected of influencing the fairness of the peer review system (including the prestige of an institutional affiliation and the influence this might have in molding reviewers' opinions) is discussed. (MLW)