The authors studied the vocabulary of speech and writing of 45 college students to develop a list of the 25 most frequent words and to compare this list with similar lists by earlier investigators. They used a type-token ratio to aid determination of the similarities and differences between spoken and written vocabularies. Nineteen of the 25 words…

This essay contains a brief review of the theory of teaching communication based on Anglo-American inheritance, touches upon twentieth-century changes in that theory and practice, and identifies certain postulates that seem useful as bases for pedagogies in communication which recognize the unique thought processes associated with creating…

This work is intended to provide, in a brief and concise form, for students and other nonspecialists, information on the external history of the principal Slavic languages, i.e., the historical circumstances which affected their utilization in various communicative functions (e.g., as vernacular, official language, literary language, etc.).…

The subject of this book is the development of written Estonian from its beginnings in the 13th century up to the last few decades. This work also attempts to bring out points not made in previous works and pays special attention throughout to the role of Finnish influence. Following the Introduction, chapters deal with the periods (1) from the…

Presented in this paper is an illustration of the Lantran Chincode System for coding the Chinese language on ordinary English language typewriters or computer terminal keyboards. The key element of the Lantran coding is the use of the Pinyin phonetic romanization which has been officially standard in Communist China for the past 10 years. The end…

Because of the diversity of Arabic dialects (Lebanese, Iraqi, Syrian, Algerian, Moroccan, Libyan, Sudanese, Saudi Arabian, Palestinian, and Egyptian), and the fact that Arabic writing allows for a wide range of different pronunciations, the question faced by students is where to begin. It is instructive to consider how this problem is dealt with…

A LIST OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY USED WORDS IN MODERN GERMAN SHORT STORIES WAS COMPILED. AN ANTHOLOGY OF 702 RECENTLY PUBLISHED, GERMAN SHORT STORIES WAS OBTAINED AND USED FOR A WORD COUNT, INVOLVING THE RANDOM SELECTION OF 4 WORDS IN EVERY 100-WORD PASSAGE. TWO INDEPENDENT RANDOM SAMPLES OF ABOUT 80,000 WORDS EACH WERE DRAWN FROM NEARLY 2 MILLION…

Head of the University of Oregon's composition department charges that freshmen cannot write and proposes solutions to the problem. (RB)

Discusses the role of written French both in traditional and contemporary teaching methods. (AM)

Encounters with written language through reading can be exciting if they serve a function within the child's own framework of interest. (DD)

Lists competing forms in written French selected on the basis of three criteria: (1) expressions which can be written in two equally acceptable ways, (2) those in which the two forms differ slightly in meaning, and (3) those in which one form is considered correct but is now questioned. (MLA)

Ways are outlined in which the elementary school teacher can develop a program to improve the writing skills of students. (JD)

Presents a method for teaching grammar through an understanding of the content of a written text, using a three-fold approach: sociolinguistic, linguistic, and logico-syntactical. (Text is in French.) (AM)

Student media projects may serve as catalysts to return children willingly to the world of print. Slower students may be particularly receptive to this approach. (Author/STS)

The evolution of lay literacy, the pervasive set of assumptions taken for granted by those who participate in a literate society, is traced from the 12th century. Research on the forms and assumptions of lay literacy over the change from an oral to a written to a computer society is urged. (MT)