THIS IS THE FIRST OF THREE VOLUMES WRITTEN TO TEACH THE 881 ESSENTIAL OR "EDUCATION" CHARACTERS TO ENGLISH-SPEAKING STUDENTS OF JAPANESE. THE AUTHORS ASSUME THAT THE STUDENTS HAVE ALREADY LEARNED THE HIRAGANA AND KATAKANA SYLLABARIES AND HAVE A BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF JAPANESE GRAMMAR. ORTHOGRAPHIC CONVENTIONS USED FOLLOW CLOSELY THOSE…

BOOK 2 OF THIS THREE-VOLUME SERIES IS MADE UP OF 35 TEXT LESSONS AND DRILL SENTENCES FOR EACH LESSON, AS WELL AS A SHORT SECTION OF KANA EXERCISES. EACH LESSON INTRODUCES ABOUT 25 NEW CHARACTERS AND INDEXES THEM TO TWO STANDARD JAPANESE WRITING REFERENCE BOOKS (SAKADE'S "A GUIDE TO READING AND WRITING JAPANESE" AND SEKI AND TOYAMA'S…

INTENDED FOR USE WITH BOOKS 1 AND 2 OF THIS MANUAL, THIS VOLUME LISTS AND INDEXES THE 881 JAPANESE "EDUCATION CHARACTERS" PRESENTED IN THE TEXT LESSONS. THE CHARACTERS (KANJI) ARE LISTED IN ORDER AS THEY APPEAR IN THE LESSONS AND EACH CHARACTER IS GIVEN SEVERAL NUMBERS--THE NUMBER USED BY THE EDUCATION MINISTRY IN ITS GRADED LIST FOR…

AN ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN'S WRITTEN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT RELATED TO GRADE LEVEL, AGE, AND SEX WAS PERFORMED (1) TO DISCOVER THE SEQUENTIAL STAGES OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AS REVEALED IN BASIC STRUCTURAL PATTERNS IN WRITTEN COMPOSITIONS OF INTERMEDIATE GRADE CHILDREN AND (2) TO ESTABLISH METHODS AND PROCEDURES AND PROVIDE RESEARCH INFORMATION ON THE…

Children's early writing is analyzed in this paper according to different perspectives such as function, grapho-phonemics, syntax, and semantics. Emphasis is given to the semantic perspective of decoding the text and to the study of coherence in text as it is viewed by the reader. Proposition analysis is used to map the coherence of samples of…

There are two modes for testing writing: atomistic and holistic. Atomistic tests depend on isolating a form, emphasizing the recognition of the form rather than the creation of it. Holistic tests require the generation of writing, so that the forms are seen in a particular context. The atomistic tests have great danger of leading to false…

Senior scientists representing a variety of research-oriented disciplines examine the reading process. Among the topics discussed are visual perception, the processing of written information, models for reading and speech, the relationship of spelling to sound, and areas of needed research. Also discussed are the influences of grammatical…

The effect of role taking on written communication was examined by a compensatory treatment that provided subjects with specific anticipatory knowledge of the kind normally obtainable only by taking the viewpoint of the reader. Subjects in grades four, six, nine, and eleven learned to play a novel game from a televised demonstration. Experimental…

This booklet describes the Urdu writing system, and is part of a series of teaching materials for teaching Urdu. A general introduction outlining the main characteristics of the system is followed by a presentation of the alphabet. Letters symbolizing the same sound are then discussed, followed by the vowels. Non-connectors, or letters not having…

This study investigates the extent to which nonstandard forms of written English create for readers stereotypes of the writer's personality. To determine the extent to which nonstandard writing is apparent to speakers of standard and nonstandard English, and to what extent such writing represents a socioeconomic liability for the writer, two…

This article discusses language planning in the People's Republic of China, and opens by commenting on the difficulty in observing the language planning process in China, particularly in the area of decision-making. A brief history of language planning is provided. Following the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, a shift took place…

Little is known about grammatical sophistication in the written language of school-age children. This study provides normative data on the occurrence of different complexity levels of major grammatical parameters in written compositions of nine-year-old children. These parameters include productivity of language, correctness of language usage, the…

This 41-item annotated bibliography contains material on all aspects of teaching basic composition at the college level. Most of the references are from journal publications. Approaches both to teaching composition (team-teaching, individualized instruction) and to writing compositions (step by step, paragraph construction) are discussed in the…

The problems which freshmen exhibit in using the written language extend beyond difficulties with mechanics to handicaps in using words to formulate and develop concepts. A linguistic approach to teaching freshman composition involves recognizing every linguistic act as creative and a word as having a history as well as a variety of meanings. In…

The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in children's written questions by means of the theoretical model of transformational-Generative grammar. Eight questions written by children in grades 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 comprised the nucleus of this study. The eight questions were chosen from a larger group of questions and separated into…