Describing neural connectivity between pre-frontal and parietal brain regions and anxiety in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has the potential to inform diagnosis and treatment decisions. This study aimed to identify the neural connectivity patterns between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and parietal regions in young…

In this study, we aimed to determine the role of parental praise and child affect in the neural processes underlying parent-child interactions, utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning. We characterized the dynamic changes in interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) between parents and children (4-6 years old, n = 40…

Word finding difficulty is a frequently reported subjective cognitive concern among persons with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS). Word-finding relies on several information retrieval processes, including search and retrieval from the conceptual store, the phonological store, the syllabary, as well as other stores of information. Neuropsychological…

Operant reward learning of feeding behavior in "Aplysia" increases the frequency and regularity of biting, as well as biases buccal motor patterns (BMPs) toward ingestion-like BMPs (iBMPs). The engram underlying this memory comprises cells that are part of a central pattern generating (CPG) circuit and includes increases in the intrinsic…

Purpose: Speech perception in noise (SPiN) varies widely in individuals with normal hearing, which may be attributed to factors that are not reflected in the audiogram, such as inhibition. However, inhibition is involved at both sensory and cognitive stages of auditory perception, and while inhibition at the cognitive level has been shown to be a…

The features of an image can be represented at multiple levels--from its low-level visual properties to high-level meaning. What drives some images to be memorable while others are forgettable? We address this question across two behavioral experiments. In the first, different layers of a convolutional neural network (CNN), which represent…

Reconsolidation is a time-limited process under which reactivated memory content can be modified. Works focused on studying reconsolidation mainly restrict intervention to the moments immediately after reactivation and to recently acquired memories. However, the brain areas activated during memory retrieval depend on when it was acquired, and it…

Purpose: Right-hemisphere brain damage (RHD) can affect pragmatic aspects of communication that may contribute to an impaired ability to gather information. Questions are an explicit means of gathering information. Question types vary in terms of the demands they place on cognitive resources. The purpose of this exploratory descriptive study is to…

The spatial and temporal coordination of growth factor signaling is critical for both presynaptic and postsynaptic plasticity underlying long-term memory formation. We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of "Aplysia" cysteine-rich neurotrophic factor (ApCRNF) signaling during the induction of activity-dependent long-term…

Discrimination of sensory signals is essential for an organism to form and retrieve memories of relevance in a given behavioral context. Sensory representations are modified dynamically by changes in behavioral state, facilitating context-dependent selection of behavior, through signals carried by noradrenergic input in mammals, or octopamine (OA)…

Purpose: For bilaterally implanted patients, the automatic gain control (AGC) in both left and right cochlear implant (CI) processors is usually neither linked nor synchronized. At high AGC compression ratios, this lack of coordination between the two processors can distort interaural level differences, the only useful interaural difference cue…

This study investigates in a joint action setting a well-established effect in speech production, cumulative semantic interference, an increase in naming latencies when naming a series of semantically related pictures. In a joint action setting, two task partners take turns naming pictures. Previous work in this setting has demonstrated that…

There is increasing evidence that the authoritarian parenting style has a negative effect on children's executive control, but little is known about the neurobiological mechanism behind this effect, especially the evidence of the resting-state EEG related to children's brain function. The current study explored the relations between authoritarian…

Dysfunctions in memory recall lead to pathological fear; a hallmark of trauma-related disorders, like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Both, heightened recall of an association between a cue and trauma, as well as impoverished recall that a previously trauma-related cue is no longer a threat, result in a debilitating fear toward the cue.…

Reading is a critical neurodevelopmental skill for school-aged children, which requires a distributed network of brain regions including the cerebellum. However, we do not know how functional connectivity between the cerebellum and other brain regions contributes to reading. Here we used resting-state functional connectivity to understand the…