THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A STANDARD NORM IN THE BASHKIR NATIONAL LANGUAGE BEGAN, ESSENTIALLY, AS LATE AS THE 1930'S AFTER THE FORMATION OF THE BASHKIR A.S.R. BEFORE THIS, THE BASHKIR LANGUAGE DID NOT HAVE A STANDARD LITERARY FORM. PROGRESSIVE BASHKIR EDUCATORS OF THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES FOUGHT FOR THE LIBERATION OF THE…

This article describes discursive functions in the three major areas of non-literary written communication: (1) official or personal correspondence; (2) technical reading or editing; and (3) the press. Illocutionary acts are examined under their three aspects: graphic, lexical, enunciative. This description is intended to result in training…

The study investigated the effectiveness of a flexible modular system for teaching composition. It was hypothesized that measures of compositional ability would significantly favor students in the experimental course, and students in the experimental course would register significantly higher in affective measures of interest and involvement. The…

In this study, a comparison was made between the achievement scores in English usage of students who were assigned English classes during their last two years of high school and the scores of students who elected English classes. The 667 participants in this study were members of the 1970 and 1972 graduating classes at Aviation High School,…

The problem of this study was to find criteria, and a model, for judging written expression at the elementary level which can produce concordance of teacher judgments and be a possible basis for prescriptive teaching. Such a model was developed by the Affton School District. This study attempts to determine its utility. Twenty-four essays were…

Traditional research on the written language of hearing-impaired persons has tended to support a position of deviant language processing in such individuals. The major reason for such findings has been directly related to the lack of appropriate control groups. Recent studies which have emphasized the comparison of the language of hearing-impaired…

Both spoken and written Polish have undergone profound changes during the past twenty-eight years. The increasing urbanization of Polish culture and the forced change in Polish society are the main factors influencing the change in the language. Indirect evidence of changes which have occurred in the vocabulary and idioms of spoken Polish in the…

This bibliography cites books and articles pertaining to the teaching of composition to students of English as a second language. Entries include publications from various countries, and most have been published since 1965. A select list of English and American textbooks for teaching composition is also included. (CLK)

Based on the recognition that all teachers are involved in language development regardless of the students' ages or the teachers' subject matter interests, this text augments descriptions of language characteristics with appropriate classroom implications. Topics of chapters are: the nature of language, descriptions of the sound and grammatical…

This study examines the degree of consistency between students' oral and written expression, with regard to the ideas and opinions communicated. Fifty-five freshman composition students were asked to elaborate on a subject of choice in a 500-word essay and in a private office interview with the teacher. Data revealed that consistency of expression…

This special issue of "The Leaflet" focuses on various aspects of composition. Included are articles on such topics as writing instruction as a process, not a product; technical writing in high school; using "junk" material to stimulate creative writing; discovering one's own voice in writing; teaching writing to high school students by instilling…

Applying the principles of American Pragmatism to college composition offers a solution to the general problems of program design, syllabi development, instructional effectiveness, and student behavior modification. American Pragmatism involves the classic problems of meaning and knowledge. These problems stem from the linguistic possibility of…

This annotated bibliography covers research in the teaching of English published between July 1, 1974, and December 31, 1974. Subject headings include "Bilingual and Bidialectal Studies,""Language and Verbal Learning,""Literature, Humanities, and Media,""Teacher Education,""Testing and Evaluation,""Written and Oral Communication," and a new…

Linguistics and literature are sometimes perceived as competing disciplines, perhaps even hostile ones. Hence, university courses in linguistics are often shunned by teachers fond of literature. Yet insights derived from an objective study of language can help teachers clear the way to students' understanding and enjoyment of literature. Passages…

Syntax, or, loosely, sentence structure, is a major linguistic variable influencing the comprehensibility of every written sentence. This paper attempts to set forth the relationship between elements of syntax and reading comprehension as the classroom teacher might see them, and to propose a strategy, the Complete Linguistic Elements Paradigm…