In the post-pandemic situation, where hybrid learning has become prevalent, effective communication between lecturers and students is very important. Self-efficacy is a crucial factor that affects their communication or speaking in class. Nowadays, research on students' self-efficacy in speaking has received considerable attention among…

Despite the importance of classroom language interactions for children's school readiness skills and the school readiness gaps faced by Spanish-speaking emergent bilinguals (EBs), the field knows little about their classroom language interactions in early childhood education (ECE) classrooms. Expanding upon traditional approaches of observing…

With the rapid advancement of technology and the need for flexible learning solutions, educational institutions are integrating more and more digital components into their curricula. Blended learning (BL) has emerged as a promising approach, combining the strengths of traditional classroom instruction with the advantages of online learning. This…

With increasing attention to student engagement with feedback, the need for a paradigm shift problematizing the transmissive view of feedback has been voiced. Recent perspectives hold that feedback is a dialogic process and opportunities for dialogue promote students' knowledge-making processes in their engagement with feedback. Theoretically…

In second language (L2) vocabulary studies there is continuing interest in tests of depth of vocabulary knowledge, measuring various aspects of word knowledge other than just the form--meaning link that is the focus of breadth (or size) tests. This study aimed to explore new formats that could be used as diagnostic tools for assessing depth of…

Background: Computer-mediated writing classes have experienced a significant increase in popularity in recent years, serving as an effective modality for enhancing writing skills within an online framework. Objectives: This study seeks to bridge the gap in the literature by investigating the effectiveness of cognitive, social, and group-awareness…

The adjustment of syntactic and phraseological complexity is a key consideration in text adaptation. However, research on this topic in the context of Chinese as a second language (CSL) remains limited. Using 700 CSL reading texts graded following the newly issued Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education,…

The practice of intercultural teaching seems to be commonly applied but not in aviation English class. This might be difficult in conceptualizing intercultural competence instructional model (ICCIM) due to the mandatory adaptation to aviation English materials. This autobiographical study aimed to describe how the researcher conducted…

Purpose: This study aims to explore computer-assisted language learning (CALL) activities to improve the English essay writing of Pakistani university students. It highlights the role of CALL in the language proficiency model cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP), which can enable second language learners to engage in more critical…

Foreign language anxiety has influenced reading achievement in English as a second language learning (ESL). However, less is known about how foreign language anxiety affects Chinese students learning English as L2 and the interplay between foreign language anxiety and cognitive-linguistic factors on L2 reading performance. This longitudinal study…

This article reports a qualitative case study on the translanguaging practices of Vietnamese English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) educators and explores the mechanisms behind individual differences in their practices through an integrative cultural-historical activity theory perspective. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews,…

Background: This study examines the evolution of English speaking proficiency test methods, which have traditionally relied on face-to-face interactions to assess communicative language competence. Recently, computer-based language tests have also been used on a larger scale, albeit with concerns about their impact on measurement. Objectives: This…

Language and learning norms constitute the biggest constraint for refugee learners attempting to access education in Uganda because they struggle to demonstrate competencies in English despite acquiring them in their local language (Arabic, French, or Swahili). Learners are assigned to lower levels, contributing to misalignment between their…

This study investigates the effectiveness of individual versus group annotation procedures in improving reading comprehension among students learning English as a foreign language. The study aims to examine the effects of two annotation procedures, individual and group annotations, on students' reading comprehension and analyze their reactions to…

In the era of accelerating globalization, the necessity for multilingual education is increasingly prominent. This study investigates the effectiveness of the AI-based chatbot ChatGPT in multilingual teaching applications. This study employs a quasi-experimental research methodology to examine the experiences of 100 international students at a…