All modern nation-states have periods of difficult history that teachers fail to address or address inadequately. The authors present a framework for defining difficult histories and understanding what makes them difficult. These events 1) are central to a nation's history, 2) contradict accepted histories or values, 3) connect with present…

This article reports on a second national survey of higher education institutions in the USA to answer the question "Who teaches mathematics content courses for prospective elementary teachers, and what are these instructors' academic and teaching backgrounds?" and addresses valuable information not collected with the first survey…

The identification and the evaluation of arguments are fundamental elements of critical thinking. However, the explicit promotion of these elements is virtually absent from university science courses. Much of the reason for this is that in most universities, across nearly all disciplines, instructors are required to see the conceptual content…

In recent decades, Historical Thinking and Historical Consciousness have been two fundamental axes of research in history education. The first approach combines the use of historical sources and the work of the historian. The second includes the social function of history, identity, memory and civic and moral education. These two approaches…

Special education teachers play a key role in educational assessment practices, including frequently administering norm-referenced tests of academic achievement. This study examined the course on norm-referenced assessment provided in special education training programs. Data regarding course: (1) structure; (2) assignments; (3) test…

Recent discussions about critical race theory (CRT) have exposed, once again, the heated disagreements that prevail in the United States regarding the nature of its racial past and present. This debate is highly significant in itself, but the dispute is also noteworthy for revealing how quickly a contentious issue can become a lightning rod for…

Psychoanalysis is largely overlooked in mathematics education, yet is relevant to many aspects of the field, such as the institution of the school, curriculum and instruction, and content. Specifically, one content area where psychoanalysis is both exceedingly relevant and absent is that of probability education. In this critical literature…

This article highlights the educational and the aesthetic significance of the subject matter (i.e., "the third thing") in the relationship between teacher and pupil. This, through a reading of two texts, one written by the 19th century educationist and German philosopher Johann Friedrich Herbart, and one written by the contemporary…

The Old Mutual Mathematics Olympiad (OMMO) in Malawi is a national mathematics competition open to all final year secondary school students. In this paper, we analyse the results of the preliminary round of the competition from 2015 to 2020. We developed seven content areas for the OMMO based on core elements of the Malawi secondary school…

Learning within public education takes place in diverse settings other than traditional classrooms. Constructivism, the dominant learning theory in Texas public education classrooms, falls short of giving those who lead musical ensembles (such as band, orchestra, choir) a solid epistemological foundation. The edusemiotic concept of coordination…

One of the most important areas of music education is instrument education. Vocational music education, which is within the scope of music education in Turkey, is carried out in Education Faculties, Fine Arts Faculties, and State Conservatories in order to provide individuals with music as a profession. In these institutions, flute education is…

A fixed learning path for all learners is a major drawback of virtual learning systems. An online learning path recommendation system has the advantage of offering flexibility to select appropriate learning content. Learning Analytics Intervention (LAI) provides several educational benefits, particularly for low-performing students. Researchers…

With the growing diversity of the population in the United States, it is becoming increasingly important to teach students about issues related to diversity. This is especially true in the community college where a large, and diverse, number of students enter postsecondary education. This study employed a descriptive design of the catalogs of 145…

Teaching about systemic racism and the myth of white supremacy to the next cadre of public administrators is critical as it supports students' abilities to challenge dominant paradigms and center counternarratives; both serve a purpose in advancing toward a more just and equitable society. This paper offers insight into the development and…

Society lives in perilous times for educational equity. The progress made in desegregation, culturally responsive pedagogy, and social justice is threatened by backlash legislation and protests in defense of the status quo. The pushback is happening at structural levels and very personal levels. There is an urgent need for professional learning…