Cumulative tests have been shown to enhance second language (L2) vocabulary learning by incrementally incorporating both new and previously learned materials in daily or weekly quizzes. In this study, we investigated the role of three factors that could impact the effectiveness of cumulative testing: (a) study time and (b) spaced practice (review…

Multimedia learning takes place when people learn from images and words together. Research and theory from cognitive psychology, social psychology, and instructional design have all been used to propose and investigate specific design principles for effective multimedia learning. Research has demonstrated that applying even one of these principles…

Dealing with students' conceptions is a central element of student-oriented teaching. Approaches, such as the mainly cognitive conceptual change theory, have been supplemented by a variety of affective and motivational factors. Little is yet known about the mechanism linking these factors. This qualitative study aims to shed light on the process…

Authentic reading texts intended for everyday communication, rather than those specifically designed for second language (L2) instruction, often provide rich, contextualized examples of natural language use that support L2acquisition. However, such texts can be challenging for learners to comprehend because of unfamiliar vocabulary and complex…

Background: A significant challenge in school STEM education is making connections to real-life contexts beyond the school setting that are relevant and meaningful for students. Another important consideration is how out-of-school learning settings can be integrated to offer students a broad spectrum of self-regulated learning experiences across…

This article introduces formation as an organizing model for lifelong learning and places existing lifelong learning theory into this larger context. Further, in order to demonstrate how this framework might be applied, we suggest a lifelong learning agenda based on formation, which includes intentionality, meta-learning skills, and…

Computer-simulated experiments have been gaining popularity over hands-on experiments in science education, given the availability of technology and the trend of distance learning. Past studies have focused primarily on comparing the learning outcomes and user experiences of the two experiment modes. In this study, we used an eye tracker to…

Background: Despite its obvious relevance to computer science, computational thinking (CT) is transdisciplinary with the potential of impacting one's analytical ability. Although countless efforts have been invested across K-12 education, there is a paucity of research at the postsecondary level about the extent to which CT can contribute to…

Background: Driven by the ongoing need to provide high-quality learning and teaching, universities recently have shown an increased interest in using learning analytics (LA) for improving learning design (LD). However, the evidence of such improvements is scarce, and the maturity of such research is unclear. Objectives: This study is aimed to…

Collaboration is argued to be an important skill, not only in schools and higher education contexts but also in the workspace and other aspects of life. However, simply asking students to work together as a group on a task does not guarantee success in collaboration. Effective collaborative learning requires meaningful interactions among…

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a rapid seismic shift to online delivery in otherwise face-to-face higher education settings worldwide. This quantitative research study sought to investigate the effect of different delivery styles and assessment types on student outcomes. Specifically, grades achieved by first year undergraduate Biological Science…

The relation between learners' metacognitive skills and conceptual understanding is often portrayed as an input-output relation when dealing with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and non-STEM disciplines. However, studies indicate that not all pedagogies yield positive correlations between learners' metacognitive skills and…

This study aims to examine the perceptions and effectiveness evaluations of blended learning environments among university students majoring in sports education at Inönü University and Firat University. The research, conducted in the 2022-2023 academic year, is descriptive using quantitative methods, with a sample of 674 students from the…

This study examines university teachers' beliefs and practices related to task-based language teaching while teaching English as a foreign language. Task-based language teaching (TBLT) has become a prominent topic for researchers and practitioners in recent decades. It is also advocated by the Chinese Ministry of Education for college English…

Although there has been much research on second language learning, minimal literature reports how language learners learn multiple foreign languages through immersion. Further, a majority of these previous studies have been conducted using exclusively quantitative methods. In response to these empirical and methodological gaps, the current study…