Priming effects of ignored distractor words were investigated in a task-switching situation that allowed an orthogonal variation of priming and response compatibility between prime and probe. Across 3 experiments, the authors obtained a disordinal interaction of priming and response relation. Responding was delayed in the ignored repetition…

Freezing to a tone following auditory fear conditioning is commonly considered as a measure of the strength of the tone-shock association. The decrease in freezing on repeated nonreinforced tone presentation following conditioning, in turn, is attributed to the formation of an inhibitory association between tone and shock that leads to a…

This article examines the effects of synonymy (i.e., learning words with and without high-frequency synonyms that were known to the learners) on word knowledge in a study of 84 Japanese students learning English. It employed 10 tests measuring 5 aspects of word knowledge (orthography, paradigmatic association, syntagmatic association, meaning and…

In the present study, we have applied a word association procedure for assessing conceptual change in science education, leaning on the presuppositions of the theory of social representations. The proposed method was applied both before and after a university population ecology course. Our results have shown that the teaching procedure can change…

This paper examines the semantic associations of words found in the business lexical environment by using a one-million word corpus of both spoken and written Business English. The key method of analysis is that of semantic prosody or semantic association; the notion that words associate with collocates that are themselves related, often either…

Nurr1 expression is up-regulated in the brain following associative learning experiences, but its relevance to cognitive processes remains unclear. In these studies, rats initially received bilateral hippocampal infusions of control or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) 1 hour prior to training in a holeboard spatial discrimination task. Such…

Two studies tested the observation that infants learn to use a "whole object assumption" between the ages of 8 and 15 months, meaning that they expect a word to apply to the whole object to which it refers. The first study investigated the possibility that infants of 8 to 10 months may attend differently, and more selectively, to events…

Examines the usefulness of paired associative performance to assess for school learning proficiency by comparing a sample of learning-disabled (LD) youngsters to normals. Results indicate that the proportion of subjects in the normal and the LD groups who reported use of elaborative strategies compared to none laborative strategies does not differ…

The present paper reports a series of studies to investigate the role of word associations and to see if concrete operational children could solve verbal analogies by logical analysis. (Author)

Four experiments evaluate the effectiveness of a two-stage mnemonic procedure, the keyword method, for learning Spanish vocabulary. This method proved highly effective, yielding in one experiment a final test score of 88 percent correct for the keyword group compared to 28 percent for the control group. (Author/RC)

A study of 141 hearing impaired students (ages 8 to 18 years) was conducted to assess how common gender neutral terms (such as "someone,""people,""student," and "child'" are understood by such students. The influence of multiple factors that might relate to hearing impaired children's processing of gender neutral terms was examined by means of a…

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE--(1) TO DEFINE AND ISOLATE THE BASIC PROCESSES INVOLVED IN PAIR-ASSOCIATE LEARNING, (2) TO SPECIFY THE IMPORTANT VARIABLES RELATED TO THESE PROCESSES AND THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH EACH BECOMES IMPORTANT, (3) AND TO DEFINE AND ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ASSOCIATION FORMATION PROCESS IN PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING…