As technologically gifted students apply their abilities to computer science, they naturally flow through the talent development stages of potential, competency, and expertise. Processes that have always been important for gifted students to learn as they develop potential are embedded in learning code, which engages the beginning programmer in…

Programming education is strongly emerging in elementary and high school. Diversity and inclusion are important topics, however, insights on suited programming materials for younger learners with visual impairments are lacking. A wide range of programming materials for children exists, diverse in both what is being programmed (output) and how this…

Analogical reasoning is considered to be a critical cognitive skill in programming. However, it has been rarely studied in a block-based programming context, especially involving both virtual and physical objects. In this multi-case study, we examined how novice programming learners majoring in early childhood education used analogical reasoning…

Instruction in an introductory programming course is typically designed to introduce new concepts and to review and integrate the more recent concepts with what was previously learned in the course. Therefore, most exam questions in an introductory programming course require students to write lines of code that contain syntactic elements…

As one of the core skills of the 21st century, computational thinking has received increasing attention from educators and researchers. Although some research has been conducted on computational thinking, few studies examined the impact of learning activities on students' computation thinking skills from the perspective of cognitive development.…

Computational thinking (CT) education has drawn increasing attention from educators and researchers. This study conducted a meta-analysis of 27 empirical studies to examine the effectiveness of game-based learning (GBL) for fostering students' CT. The effects of various factors on the learning process for acquiring CT were also examined. The…

Teaching an online course was always something I resisted. Like many of the colleagues I have talked to, I was worried that the lack of face-to-face interaction would significantly take away from the quality of the education for the students. With a class like Recreation Programming, I knew that students needed hands-on experience with running a…

This study examines the methodological dimensions of programming education articles published in educational sciences journals indexed in SSCI by exploring their general trends. To do this, 162 articles published between January 2012 and February 2020 in 30 international journals indexed in SSCI were analyzed with a systematic review method using…

Background and Context: Peer code review activities provide well-documented benefits to students in programming courses. Students develop relevant skills through exposure to alternative coding solutions, producing and receiving feedback, and collaboration with peers. Despite these benefits, low student motivation has been identified as one of the…

Aim/Purpose: This article proposes a framework based on a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design in the learning analytics domain to enhance the models used to support the success of the learning process and the learner. The framework consists of three main phases: (1) quantitative data analysis; (2) qualitative data analysis; and (3)…

Programming and robotics are resources that can be used as a learning tool for understanding content. However, some teachers are unmotivated due to preconceptions about their difficulties, which hinder their learning and subsequent application in the classroom. This study aims to determine the perception of 195 teachers teaching different grade…

This study explored the effectiveness of scaffolding in students' reflection writing process. We compared two sections of an introductory computer programming course (N=188). In Section 1, students did not receive any scaffolding while generating reflections, whereas in Section 2, students were scaffolded during the reflection writing process.…

Despite the common prevalence of urologic diseases, studies have demonstrated that the general public often has little knowledge or insight into the field of urology or the role of an urologist. In this study, we investigated the context, frequency, and accuracy of urologic conditions on the television series "Grey's Anatomy." We…

Background: Learning to code is increasingly embedded in secondary and higher education curricula, where solving programming exercises plays an important role in the learning process and in formative and summative assessment. Unfortunately, students admit that copying code from each other is a common practice and teachers indicate they rarely use…

A web design course has complex and diverse skills, which may attract students with an interest in technology and art fields to learn to program. It makes a need to have a flexible learning framework to develop all students to learn in a programming course. This study was designed to develop students' learning achievement and computational…