The study focused on the effect of an experienced group leader on subrole behavior of eighth-grade students (N=26) participating in group counseling sessions. Results indicated skilled leaders maintain group focus as evidenced by larger number of growth subrole behaviors and fewer incidences of nongrowth subrole behavior in leader-led groups.…

Cohabitating college couples (N=89) responded to a questionnaire pertaining to their current sexual relationships and individual sexual behavior patterns, historical and present. Results indicate that those individuals, especially the males, had been unusually precocious in their sexual development. (Author)

Non-task-oriented activities that take place in a therapy group are conceived of as processes geared towards establishing and reassuring safety. The authors take an existentialist Langian approach to safety and discuss the notion that necessarily unresolved perceptions of ontological insecurity act upon members as individuals and as a group. (NG)

This study sought to explore the pattern of self-disclosure in parent discussion groups. Subjects were 16 parents. Patterns of self-disclosure to occur contiguously, suggesting that reciprocity in self-disclosure is a general phenomenon operating in a variety of group settings. (NG)

Vroom's expectancy theory model to predict older worker's choices between employment or retirement hypothesized that a person's preference would be a function of differences between instrumentality of employment and retirement for attainment of outcomes, multiplied by the valence of each outcome, summed over outcomes. Results supported the…

Two methods of assessing co-curricular needs of college students were investigated. Results revealed substantial differences exist between the percentage of students who indicated a campus service was important to them in meeting a personal need and the percentage of students who actually intended to use the service in question. (Author)

This paper suggests that in a simple economy, sex roles will be clearly defined, separating men's work from women's work, while in a society with a more complex division of labor, specializations will be created which will be filled by both men and women. (Author)

Recent literature on the control of white-collar crime has often glossed over the sociolegal effect of the attitudes held by persons charged with the responsibility of determining criminal guilt. On many occasions, the factually guilty white-collar offender is not regarded by trial jurors as an offender. (Author)

Families pass on a heritage of dysfunctional constructs and roles to the next generation. Children learn to apply certain inadequate constructs to themselves. By reconstructing childhood through visual imagery, clients can learn to apply different constructs to themselves so that they can unlearn their dysfunctional roles. (Author)

A total of 556 Israeli fifth graders participated in a study of delay of gratification. Two hypothetical delay of gratification situations were presented. The first situation required a choice between an immediate and a more valuable but delayed reward. The second situation required the subjects to predict an intelligent child's choice in the same…

This study investigates "wait times" in elementary science classes-the pauses between a teacher's question and a student's answer and between a student's answer and a teacher's response. Among the findings were indications that longer "wait times" promote increased student participation in problem solving, decision making, the structuring of the…

Black first-and second-grade students (N=40) were given instructions intended to induce possessiveness for both a designated toy and a play area. Each subject then surreptitiously observed an experimental confederate dressed in a clown costume play with either the designated toy or another toy. Results are discussed. (Author)

Two lessons which utilize the inquiry approach comprise a case study to investigate prosocial and antisocial behavior in emergency situations. The article also presents a decision-making model of bystander intervention. (Author/DB)

The most important job of the teacher educator is to link results of educational research to classroom application in a given school room with a given group of children and a specific teacher. (JD)