An exact probability test for use with certain Likert-type scales is presented. The procedure assumes equally-spaced points, independence of subjects' responses, and that each point has an equal likelihood of response for each subject. Tables for critical values are presented. (Author/JKS)

Summarizes what to expect for teachers according to the stars and including all signs of the zodiak. Quite humorous, actually. (GB)

Problems of type I errors associated with multiple comparisons in the same experiment are discussed. A table is provided for the rapid determination of experimentwise alpha level when a number of independent statistical tests are employed in the same experiment. Suggested applications and the rationale for this procedure are supplied. (Author/JKS)

Three potential models for the 2 X 2 contingency table are discussed: (1) the hypergeometric Independence Trial; (2) the double-binomial Comparative Trial; and (3) the multinomial Double Dichotomy Trial. Subsequently, the critical regions of seven statistical tests are evaluated within each of these models. (TJH)

Discusses Aristotle's five means of making judgments: intelligence, "episteme" (scientific knowledge), "sophia" (theoretical wisdom), "techne" (art), and "phronesis" (practical wisdom). Sets Aristotle's theory of rhetorical argument within the context of his overall view of human judgment. Notes that…

This speculative historiographic essay attempts to fix the present position of library and information science within the context of the probabilistic revolution that has been encompassing all of science. Comprises a guide to statistical research in library and information science, discussing skewed distributions, biostatistics, stochastic models,…

Relates Thurstonian models for paired comparisons data to Thurstonian models for ranking data and proposes an intermediate model for paired comparisons data that assigns nonzero probabilities to all transitive patterns and to some, but not all, intransitive patterns. Conducted a simulation study to investigate the performance of three alternative…

This study examined factors predictive of dropping out of high school for students with learning disabilities (LD) and mental retardation (MR). The sample was composed of 228 students with LD or MR who dropped out of school and 228 students with LD or MR who had not dropped out. Two sets of pre- dictor variables (student demographics and interview…

Background: Previous studies on instructional importance show that individual students and their teachers differ in the topics that they consider important in the context of an upcoming teacher-made test. Aims: This study aimed to examine whether such differences between students' test expectations and teachers' intended task demands can be…

Findings from a single research study can tell a lot, but a meta-analysis of findings from a number of studies can tell even more. In "A Theory-Based Meta-Analysis of Research on Instruction," Robert J. Marzano analyzed the results of more than 100 research reports on instruction, involving more than 1.2 million subjects. The goal of the analysis…

Period divorce measures can misrepresent the underlying behavior of birth cohorts as changes in cohort timing produce changes in period probabilities of divorce. Building on methods used to adjust period fertility and marriage measures, we adjust U.S. period divorce rates for timing effects, calculating a timing index for every year between 1910…

From a unique data set identifying the school attended prior to university for a full cohort of UK university students; we examine the determinants of final degree classification. We exploit the detailed school-level information and focus on the influence of school characteristics; such as school type; on subsequent performance of students at…

From individual-level data for nine entire cohorts of undergraduate students in UK universities; we estimate the probability that an individual will drop out of university during their first-year. We examine the 1984-85 to 1992-93 cohorts of students enrolling full-time for a 3 or 4-year course; and focus on the sensitivity of the probability of…

This research investigated the relationship between the magnitude or scope of a stimulus and its subjective value by contrasting 2 psychological processes that may be used to construct preferences: valuation by feeling and valuation by calculation. The results show that when people rely on feeling, they are sensitive to the presence or absence of…