This study attempted to determine whether television viewing amount independently affects school performance. The television viewing amount and school grades of 43 male and 47 female middle class subjects from three age groups (6 to 7, 8 to 9, and 10 to 11) were measured twice, 18 months apart. Cross-lagged panels were tested using correlations…

In a search for the causes of student unrest, it is difficult to separate basic causes from the spoken and rationilized causes. This paper attempts to present a level of analysis which is sufficiently generic so as to discern basic trends and issues but at the same time descriptively specific, so as to be useful in facing practical issues and…

This paper gives the results of a study of two measures of delay gratification: age and socio-economic status (SES) in young children. The subjects included 180 four-, five-, and six-year old children. Sixty children at each age level were selected, twenty children within each level of high, 20 of middle, and 20 of low SES. Delay choice scores…

This study investigated the effect of being imitated on the behavior of preschool children. Twenty-two children were employed in a "marble game," which consisted of dropping a marble into one of three holes in a wooden box. Procedure trials occurred across four phases in an ABAB design: baseline, imitation, reversal, and imitation again. During…

Guessing patterns differ between children of lower and middle class. It is hypothesized that lower class children, because they live in an environment affording fewer rewards for problem solving, come to expect a lower degree of success than their middle class peers. Eighty white kindergarten children attending urban public school were divided…

A review is made of some of the studies done regarding social class differences and the effectiveness of reinforcers within these class groups of children. Results of these studies show that overall, the suggested hypothesis of differential reinforcers among social classes cannot be assumed. (DEP)

Discusses the movement toward androgyny based upon and fostered by an increasing societal emphasis upon "femininity" in its maternal (as opposed to its heterosexual) aspects. Argues that the masculine paradigm promotes differentiation between the sexes, especially the sex objectification of women. (Author/RK)

The issue: tuition aid for middle-income families with children in college. Considers the President's proposal, an automatic $250-a-year grant for college students from families with an annual income of $16,000 to $25,000 and the expansion of the Guaranteed Student Loan program, and also the plans of Senators Robert Packwood and Daniel Moynihan as…

Senator William V. Roth, Jr., Republican of Delaware, argues for providing tax credits for college tuition expenses while Representative Fortney H. "Pete" Stark, Democrat of California, argues against the proposal. (RK)

Presents new data on correlates of symbolic racism, develops a theoretical framework for the concept, and speculates about its emergence at this time. Attitudinally, symbolic racism is a set of abstract moral assertions about blacks behavior as a group; behaviorally, it is a set of acts that are justified on a non-racial basis but that which…

This study investigated the use of IQ as a measure of learning rate with children of similar ethnic origin but difference socioeconomic backgrounds. (GO)

Tried to determine whether the self-esteem of black women who worked outside the home was higher than that of black women who were homemakers exclusively. Investigated the population of black college-educated wives of professional men and found that those who worked outside the home had higher self-esteem than those who remained at home.…

This essay relates the economic cycle, unemployment, and inflation to reading habits and public library circulation. Highlights include recent English sociological study and its implications for current increases in public library use, future library use, effect of the economy on kind of public library use, and reasons why people read. (EJS)

This longitudinal study investigated the relation between mood, attitudes, and behaviors in a middle-income sample of first-time mothers. (PCB)

Examines current demographic projections in terms of five major concepts (fertility, age, region, race, and immigration) and analyzes their impact on tomorrow's schools. Beset with a declining birthrate, an aging population, and increasing numbers of poor and minority students, schools' major responsibility is to create winners and new recruits to…