Examined attitudes of probation officers to determine how these attitudes correlated with decisions to recommend sentences of incarceration or probation for hypothetical defendants described in six case studies. Used Fishbein's theoretical model for the prediction of behavioral intentions to examine this relationship. Implications and suggestions…

Describes instruments developed to measure inmates' (N=150) drug use, knowledge, and attitudes. A drug use inventory, a drug attitude scale, and a drug knowledge test were examined for validity. Each measurement tool was subjected to item analysis for internal consistency. Implications and suggestions are discussed concerning inmate drug…

Evaluates the degree to which the social-referencing perspective provides a valid explanation of some features of infant behavior. (MP)

Based on Fromm's proposed personality theory of the productive and nonproductive use of four character types, studied the productive facet of the four life-style orientations. Analyses of the data from surveys of life and interpersonal relations orientations supported the four orientations suggested by Fromm's theory. (RC)

Counselors should not treat psychological conversion as a sacred process best dealt with by the theologians. Counselors should not criticize clients' religious beliefs based on doctrine but should acknowledge psychological conversion as a departure from spiritual understanding and subsequently help clients clarify religious anxiety within a…

Examined the way people interpret ambiguous, but potentially sexual, interactions between the sexes in a work setting. Respondents (N=218) evaluated a vignette depicting such an interaction. Men interpreted the vignettes more positively than did women. Incidents initiated by women were viewed more positively. (Author/RC)

Examined whether graduate students (N=40) experienced developmental transitions similar to those suggested in adult development theories by using a structured interview protocol to collect data on developmental tasks. Findings indicated that the developmental transitions reflected in a composite developmental framework were applicable to graduate…

Studied relationships between depth of depression, anaclitic and introjective depressive experiences, and illness behavior in 37 chronic pain patients. Depth of depression and degree of introjective depressive experiences showed similar positive covariation with a broad range of illness behavior, hypochondriasis, disease conviction, affective…

Compared Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scores of incestuous fathers and stepfathers to those of a matched control group. Analyses reflected more pathological scores for incest fathers on the psychopathic deviate scale, the psychasthenia scale and the schizophrenia scales. Results were discussed in terms of a character-disordered…

Compares an adolescent and a parental group with regard to standardized measures of alcohol consumption in order to test the hypothesis that drinking patterns are not unique to the adolescent society but rather exemplify the models in the adult community. Independent samples of students and adults were found to be very similar in patterns of…

Studied 600 British consumers to determine the role of uncommitted purchasing power. Results indicate clothing consumption tends to be age oriented rather than class oriented. Fashion behavior among the young is determined by the excitement motive while older women are more economical. (JAC)

Compared leisure behavior patterns after retirement with those of preretirement. Examined data within the context of the spillover and compensatory hypotheses, with retirement representing a nonwork sphere. Findings revealed a spillover effect, characterized by a high degree of passive, solitary leisure behavior both before and after retirement.…

Explored the life-styles of elderly wanderers and nonwanderers in long-term care. Paired t-tests confirmed hypotheses indicating that wanderers had engaged in a higher level of social and leisure activities and had experienced more stressful events, motoric reactions to stress, and motoric behavioral styles prior to their illness. (Author)

Results indicated that, despite SES group variation in level of performance, improvement (when it occurred) was evident for both high and low SES groups of children referred for classroom problems. (Author/SW)

The clinical implication of the study is that the beneficial effects of stimulant drug intervention occur within the first months after initiation of therapy. Long-term treatment does not appear to be of value in producing better outcome. (Author)