This workbook for elementary teachers presents basic definitions and examples in the areas of set theory, numeration systems, fundamental operations and geometry. Text organization does not use programming frames. Answers to examples are included in a separate section. (DT)

AN INVESTIGATION WAS MADE TO DETERMINE WHETHER STUDENTS WHO RECEIVED SPECIFIC ASSISTANCE WITH READING SKILLS IN ARITHMETIC SHOWED SUPERIOR ACHIEVEMENT IN THEIR READING AND ARITHMETIC WHEN COMPARED WITH A SIMILAR GROUP WHO DID NOT RECEIVE SUCH ASSISTANCE. FIFTEEN SCHOOLS WERE SELECTED FROM APPROXIMATELY 70 MEMBER SCHOOL DISTRICTS OF THE…

A physiological measure, which does not possess the limitations of traditional self-report measures of test anxiety, was used to measure arousal during a simulated achievement testing situation. A sample of 119 fifth and sixth grade students ranked four academic subjects (arithmetic, language arts, social studies, and science) from "most…

Study investigated efficacy of predicting academic achievement as measured by the WRAT, using Verbal and Performance scores of WISC-R as predictors. Both tests were given to 155 children referred for psychological evaluations. Performance IQ did not significantly predict academic achievement, and Verbal IQ significantly predicted only Reading and…

Two simple quantitative models were derived from a series of experiments which explored the role of information storage in working memory when performing mental arithmetic. The decay model is a tractable analysis of a complex task which assumes a decay process in working storage. Similar analyses are recommended for problem solving activities…

Discusses the principle elements for understanding and using mathematics, particularly arithmetic. Three aspects of arithmetic are considered: Understanding the concepts underlying a mathematical process, techniques or algorithms of arithmetic, and applications of the techniques to real situations. (SH)

The author presents two activities for practice with numbers and calculation. The first is an arithmetic adaptation of the familiar game of "Concentration" while the second is an unusual representation of addition, subtraction, and some properties of negative numbers. (Author/MN)

Children between the ages of 10 and 13 were asked to write stories to accompany five computational problems. Stories were scored for suitability and it was found that students were most successful on subtraction and least successful on multiplication stories. Scores on this test correlated with mathematics achievement scores. (SD)

The article details a process to develop and test an instructional program designed to teach learning disabled students the procedural, process, and task specific knowledge necessary to solve four kinds of arithmetic story problems. Single subject and group research designs were used to evaluate the problem solving unit. (Author/DB)

The following two changes in conceptualizing learning difficulties are occurring: (1) a shift from identifying deficits to focusing on assessing knowledge and (2) the use of diagnoses that are more dynamic and domain specific. This article illustrates how these changes relate to knowledge of the learning process and to better instruction.…

Second and third graders from six Dutch elementary schools (N = 168) solved two sets of almost identical addition and subtraction sums at a two-week interval. Inconsistency in strategies, which characterized half the subjects, was related to unfamiliar sums and resulted in misinterpreted errors. (TJH)

Results revealed that arithmetic-disabled and spelling/arithmetic-disabled children had significantly lower storage and retrieval scores on a nonverbal task but did not differ on a verbal task; reading/spelling-disabled children differed only on retrieval scores from verbal task; and the reading/spelling/arithmetic-disabled children differed only…

Presents a collection of problems focusing on: (1) squares in arithmetic and number theory; (2) squares in geometry; (3) topics blending arithmetic and geometric aspects of squares; and (4) squares and Logo. A sample student worksheet (with answers) is included. (JN)

The principle of the permanence of the rules of calculation is contrasted with the concretization permanence principle. Both apply to situations where some arithmetical operation known to children for numbers of a certain kind is to be extended to include further numbers. (MNS)

The relationship between arithmetical concepts and solution methods is discussed. A case study illustrates the contention that some children with relatively sophisticated concepts express those concepts with primitive methods. (MNS)