College education is the last opportunity to educate a large segment of young adults to be physically active and develop a healthy lifestyle. This study examined minority community college student risks for cardiovascular disease, physical activity (PA) patterns, and effects of physical education and general health courses on promoting PA.…

The authors examined the relation between variables maintaining problem behavior and reading performance for elementary-age students. Participants were 51 students in Grades 4, 5, and 6 who had received two or more office discipline referrals in 2003-2004. Students were grouped by teacher-indicated function of problem behavior. The prevalence of…

A Monte Carlo study was conducted using the Statistical Analysis System IML computer program to compare the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) simultaneous test procedures of Roy's Greatest Root, the Pillai-Bartlett trace, the Hotelling-Lawley trace, and Wilks' lambda, in terms of power and Type I error under various conditions, including…

The jackknife statistic is discussed as a viable invariance procedure. Data from a study of leadership illustrates the use of the jackknife in determining the stability of canonical function coefficients following canonical correlation analysis. The jackknife procedure entails arbitrarily omitting one observation or a subset of observations at a…

This paper begins with a general discussion of statistical significance, effect size, and power analysis; and concludes by extending the discussion to the multivariate case (MANOVA). Historically, traditional statistical significance testing has guided researchers' thinking about the meaningfulness of their data. The use of significance testing…

Some years ago, B. Efron and his colleagues developed bootstrap resampling methods as a way of estimating the degree to which statistical results will replicate across variations in sample. A basic problem in the multivariate use of bootstrap procedures involves the requirement that the results across resamplings must be rotated to best fit in a…

Conventional methods of multivariate normal analysis do not apply when the variables of interest are not observed directly, but must be inferred from fallible or incomplete data. For example, responses to mental test items may depend upon latent aptitude variables, which modeled in turn as functions of demographic effects in the population. A…

In previous research, no relationship was found between test factor structure and test hierarchical structure. This study found some correspondence between test factor structure and test inter-item dependency structure, as measured by a log-linear model. There was an inconsistency, however, which warrants further study: more significant two-item…

Calls attention to several errors in a recent application of canonical correlation analysis. The reanalysis contradicts Cropley's conclusion that "creativity tests can be said to possess reasonable and encouraging long-range predictive validity." (Author/SDH)

It is recognized that parametric methods (e.g., t-tests, discriminant analysis, and methods based on analysis of variance) are special cases of canonical correlation analysis. In canonical correlation it has been argued that structure coefficients must be computed to correctly interpret results. It follows that structure coefficients may be useful…

Use of "special" orthonormal mean contrasts and mean contrast variances can help educational researchers interpret a wide variety of repeated measures data. Most statistical packages allow educational researchers to test for differences across repeated measures using both the univariate mixed model F test and a multivariate test.…

This paper examines some of the problems that arise when conducting multivariate analyses with incomplete data. The literature on the effectiveness of several missing data procedures (MDP) is summarized. The most widely used MDPs are: (1) listwise deletion; (2) pairwise deletion; (3) variable mean; (4) correlational methods. No MDP should be used…

This study investigates changing family relationships during adolescence using a dialectical view of the family. Fifty-one families responded to an assessment battery that measured affective relations between parents and their adolescent children. Measures included the Transition into Adolescence Survey; the Interactive Behavior Questionnaire; the…

Generalizability or invariance procedures have been known for over three decades. Through the years, these procedures have not been widely discussed or employed. One reason for the lack of use is that most of the articles on invariance procedures have been mathematically oriented. The mathematical orientation of research articles and the lack of…

Through a review of the literature, this paper explores the viability of the rotation of canonical correlation analysis results. The similarities and dissimilarities between factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis are examined. The logic supporting a preference for the rotation of structure coefficients as opposed to function…