This article focuses on the aspect of mental arithmetic that uses thinking strategies that are effective with large numbers as well as basic facts. Two activities are suggested for lack of the four operations. (MK)

A teacher discusses his attempt to analyze his pupil's difficulties with arithmetic by looking at the component parts of each operation. (MP)

Describes how a 2nd grade class learned to add and subtract effectively by packing and unpacking "Aunt Mary's candies." (KHR)

A learning and teaching approach using base-10 blocks to embody the English named-value system of number words and digit cards to embody the positional base-10 system of numeration is described. Examines the students' understanding and arithmetic skills on the multidigit arithmetic. (Author/YP)

Reviews research using diagrams, number sentences, and algorithms to help students learn to add and subtract; poses questions on the relationship of instruction to children's knowledge construction; and proposes a research agenda in this area. (86 references) (MKR)

Presents exercises that analyze the additive property of energy. Concludes that if a body has more than one component of energy depending on the same physical quantity, the body's total energy will be the algebraic sum of the components if a linear relationship exists between the energy components and that physical quantity. (JRH)

Eight students with Down's syndrome, aged 11 through 13, were taught to add by counting-on in a 5-day teaching program. Teaching included instruction in component skills and use of precision teaching techniques. All students continued to use the technique six months later and generalized the technique to other materials. (Author/DB)

Investigates 10-year-old children's abilities to reason by analogy in solving addition and subtraction comparison problems involving unknown compare sets and unknown reference sets. Children responded in a consistent manner to the tasks involving the basic addition problems, indicating substantial relational knowledge of these but responded in an…

Examines 109 children from grades 3 through 6 for computational facility and the relationship between automaticity, or efficient processing of addition facts, and success in more complex tasks. Indicates that most errors on the multidigit sums were due to fact inaccuracy, not algorithmic errors. Discusses instructional implications for students…

Presents two activities on addition, one for classifying and one for symmetry. (ASK)

Investigated the development of number concepts and addition skills in Japanese children. Found that children's use of addition strategies, rather than their solution accuracy, changed primarily as a function of schooling, not age. Children's Base 10 number concepts improved with the amount of schooling, as well as with other social and…

Describes the success, the methods (mental, informal written, standard algorithm) and the strategies of informal written arithmetic to be observed when 300 elementary students worked on six addition and six subtraction problems with three-digit numbers. (Author/MM)

This case study was carried out with a student who was 9 years old and in the fourth grade when the study began. She was selected after the administration of an exploratory questionnaire to 66 pupils in primary school. The main features of the case were the absence of a common referent and a corresponding unit to the free generation of references…

Relating natural language to mathematical language is an important component of elementary mathematics education. This paper describes new steps toward a computerized database of addition and subtraction word problems that could provide teachers and students with access to critical natural language terms and expressions for mathematical…

Instructions and exercises on the use of checking accounts are provided for students in grades 6-12. The following topics are included: (1) reasons for opening a checking account; (2) how to open a checking account; (3) how to fill out deposit slips; (4) the elements of a check and how to write a check correctly; (5) checking account rules; (6)…