Presents student comments as they explain their mathematical reasoning and thinking about place value in addition and subtraction. (ASK)

Examines the scope and nature of upper elementary school pupils' difficulties with modeling and solving nonroutine additive word problems. Concludes that many errors result from the superficial, stereotyped approach of adding or subtracting two given numbers without considering the appropriateness of that action in relation to the problem context.…

Describes a mathematics lesson using digital sums that allows teachers to assess third grade students' understanding of reasoning, arithmetic, and geometry. (ASK)

One of the major goals in mathematics education is to teach the ability to solve word problems. This study compared the word problem solving abilities of second-grade students from Taiwan (N=24) with those of American students (N=24). Two tests were used in the problem solving interviews. The comparisons between the performance of the groups on…

The objective of the Easy Math Program is to give all students (not just those with mathematical talent) an intuitive grasp of the quantitative principles on which mathematics is based, so they will be able to execute its basic operations with insight, and move on to its higher concepts with confidence. The program approaches this objective by a…

Three factors associated with arithmetical processes (sequence skills, arithmetical strategies, and information processing capacity) were measured in individual interviews with 35 first-grade pupils, aged 7.6 to 8.6, in one Finnish school. Mathematics achievement was determined from information supplied by teachers. Attitudes were assessed twice,…

These four books are intended for use by individuals who need numeracy instruction as well as by those who help such individuals. Explanations are offered of how to do a large variety of calculations; different methods of getting the right answer are also provided. Book 1 focuses on numbers, how they are written, what they mean, how they are…

This document is part 2 of the workbook for kindergarten pupils in the Comprehensive Instructional Management System, a unified mathematics curriculum for kindergarten through grade 7. Each objective is developed by a variety of strategies, with mastery of objectives diagnosed through a testing component. The activities in the student workbook are…

Eight sixth-grade students received individualized instruction on the addition and subtraction of fractions in a one-to-one setting for 6 weeks. Instruction was specifically designed to build upon the student's prior knowledge of fraction ideas and to emphasize estimation. It was determined that all students possessed a rich store of prior…

This document reports on the initial phase of a project investigating how to relate formal mathematical representational and problem solving skills to informal strategies that children naturally invent to solve simple addition and subtraction problems. A program was developed that allows pupils to solve word problems on a microcomputer. A pilot…

Following instructions provided in the teacher's manual, the SCOPE Mathematics Achievement Test booklet for grade 2 presents 10 mathematical concepts. Testing items are: counting number of objects in a set to 100; using ordinals to the 31st; forming numerals correctly; writing number words to 10; identifying and naming the number of 10's and 1's…

This report presents a theory of eye movement that accounts for main features of the stochastic behavior of eye-fixation durations and direction of movement of saccades in the process of solving arithmetic exercises of addition and subtraction. The best-fitting distribution of fixation durations with a relatively simple theoretical justification…

This exploratory study investigates first-, second-, and third-grade children's performance on selected open addition and subtraction sentences presented in verbal and symbolic formats. For both the verbal and symbolic formats, three first-grade inventories and three upper-grade inventories were constructed. Sixteen children at each of the first-,…

This paper describes the research program of the Mathematics Work Group of the Wisconsin Research and Development Center for Individualized Schooling. The major interest is in the development of children's abilities to solve verbal addition and subtraction problems and particularly in the processes and strategies used by children. Three factors…

The term Chisanbop is the trademark for the finger calculation method originally developed by a Korean, Sung Jin Pai. It was refined and simplified by his son, Hang Young Pai, who introduced the technique to the United States in 1976. This annotated bibliography has been organized in five categories. Readings in the first category, Historical…