Two studies examined in-group favoritism and out-group prejudice among two samples of white 4- to 7-year-olds. Findings indicated that the two attitudes were reciprocally correlated in the sample from a racially homogeneous school but not in the sample from a mixed-race school. In-group favoritism did not appear until 5 years of age and was…

Compared classification theories of language learning strategies. Results from confirmatory factor analysis of data measured by the English-as-a-Second/Foreign-Language (ESL/EFL) version of the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning and collected from 517 college EFL learners are discussed. Suggests other possible approaches to strategy…

This article proposes that the experience of people categorized as having intellectual disabilities is inadequately represented by disability theory premised on the socially constructed duality between disability and impairment. It argues that representation within the wide world of disability will only be achieved by thinking of disability on a…

In a quantitative content analysis, 128 repots written by German special education teachers about children (ages 7-11) with learning disabilities were analyzed. A cluster analysis of the 34 most frequent statements led to five clusters that differed clearly. No significant correlation between the children's characteristics and membership of a…

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is being used in schools and communities to improve the management of human space. Outlines CPTED concepts and strategies to implement crime reduction through environmental design of school grounds, parking lots, locker rooms, corridors, restrooms, and classrooms. (MLF)

Focuses on the performance levels of the Test of English for Educational Purposes (TEEP) and English Language Testing Service (ELTS) tests. It is concluded that more attention should be paid to the process underlying test performance. (15 references) (GLR)

Compared the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability (WJTCA) score profiles of different cultural groups, using 442 White and 435 non-White subjects drawn from the kindergarten through grade 12 subset of WJTCA standardization data. Determined that data allowed for classification of the subtests by both curve and cultural effects criteria.…

Data from an earlier study, a survey of 215 adults that identified six factors deterring participation in adult education, were reanalyzed. The resulting typology describes 5 types of nonparticipants: people deterred by personal problems, lack of confidence, educational costs, lack of interest in formal education, and lack of interest in available…

Administered predictor battery of cognitive ability, perceptual-psychomotor ability, temperament/personality, interest, and job outcome preference measures to enlisted soldiers in nine Army jobs. Cognitive and perceptual-psychomotor scores provided best prediction of job-specific and general task proficiency. Findings suggest that Army can improve…

Forty normal readers and 50 dyslexic children (age 9-14) were matched on reading level and intelligence quotient and tested. Analysis revealed 3 major subgroups: specific deficit in phonological processing of print (52 percent), deficits in processing both the phonological and orthographic features of printed words (24 percent), and phonological…

Investigated 48 preschool, kindergarten, and first grade children's use of perceptual and taxonomic memory organization strategies. Addressed age differences in qualities, coordination, and effectiveness of study and retrieval organization strategies, and age and individual differences in relationships between memory knowledge and strategy use.…

The nature of cluster analysis and dendograms, subjects, tasks, and results of this study are described. Categories for problems were based on assumptions about the methods used by novice and expert problem solvers in a physics context. (CW)

Described is a backyard activity that can be used to introduce children to the divisions of the plant and animal kingdoms in their local environment. Preparation, procedures and followup are discussed. Background information on taxonomy and two activity cards are provided. (CW)

The developmental trend from overall-similarity to dimensional-identity classifications is explained by a quantitative model. The model provides good qualitative fits to the extant data. Three experiments examining classifications in 120 2- to 8-year-olds and in 20 undergraduates support specific new claims of the model. (TJH)

A taxonomy was created to measure skills used by consultants and time engaged in various consultation activities. A case study involving use of the taxonomy is reported, with data focusing on: (1) student outcome, and (2) the consultation process, which is described in terms of participants, phases, and behavioral activities. (Author/JDD)