The history of federal student financial aid legislation, 1965-1985, is traced, and problems faced in the mid-1980s, and possible future directions are considered. The Higher Education Act of 1965 was the first explicit federal commitment to equalizing college opportunities for needy students through grants and programs such as Talent Search. Some…

It has generally been assumed that lower socioeconomic status teenage parents are atypical in their expectations about child development compared to other parental groups. However there is little information available concerning the expectations of middle class parents. Middle class nonparent teenagers (N=50) and two parental groups (participants…

To determine whether preschool education benefits middle-class elementary school children, a study was conducted which compared the social, motor, and academic progress of kindergarten and elementary school children who had attended a Montessori preschool, another kind of preschool, or no preschool. The sample was chosen according to age,…

Although all cultural groups (civilages) are unique in some respect, Indian people are unique in more ways than other Americans and in ways that set them apart from all other Americans, taking all minorities and the dominant society as a whole. Beginning with U.S. colonial history, the article discusses the so-called dominant society, its behavior…

The Foundation to Assist California Teachers (FACT) is a non-profit organization which owns and operates retirement housing for teachers. To identify the demand for additional retirement housing facilities and explore "shared housing" alternatives, retired women teachers (N=2,740) in California completed a mail questionnaire which assessed: (1)…

Although many education for parenthood (EP) programs have been developed and implemented, a formal systematic determination of the attitudes of the groups to be served has yet to be conducted. A 110-item Education for Parenthood Attitude Scale (EPAS) was developed to measure attitudes toward EP, and administered to a sample of high school (N=226)…

PROJECT HEAD START (HS), FEDERALLY-SUPPORTED AND OPERATING UNDER FEDERAL REGULATIONS WHICH PERMITTED NO MORE THAN 10 PERCENT OF ENROLLED CHILDREN TO BE FROM FAMILIES WITH INCOMES ABOVE THE PRESCRIBED POVERTY LEVEL, WAS CONDUCTED DURING THE SUMMER OF 1966 IN ALL 55 WEST VIRGINIA COUNTIES. IN 7 OF THESE COUNTIES, SUPPLEMENTARY STATE FUNDS WERE…

DISCUSSED IN THIS SERIES OF "NOTES AND QUERIES" ARE VARIOUS ASPECTS OF IDENTITY, PARTICULARLY THE IDENTITY OF THE NEGRO. HELPFUL IN UNDERSTANDING NEGRO IDENTITY IS THE EXPRESSION BY NEGRO AUTHORS OF THEIR NEGATIVE IDENTITY (INVISIBILITY, NAMELESSNESS, AND FACELESSNESS), INTERPRETED HERE AS A DEMAND TO BE HEARD, SEEN, RECOGNIZED, AND FACED AS…

THE PROBLEMS REGARDING THE TEACHING OF LOW-INCOME CHILDREN WERE PRESENTED. FORMERLY, WHITE, PROTESTANT, MIDDLE-CLASS NORMS WERE FORCED UPON THESE CHILDREN, AND THE TEACHER WHO ATTEMPTED TO TEACH THEM CAME ILL-PREPARED FOR THE TASK. SUCH INNOVATIONS AS CRASH REMEDIAL COURSES, PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS, AND INCREASED GUIDANCE SERVICES WERE EFFECTIVE, BUT…

THE MAJOR THEMES THAT DESRIBED LOW-INCOME CULTURE WERE--SECURITY OVER STATUS, PRAGMATISM AND ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM, ALIENATION ATTITUDE, COOPERATION, PERSON-CENTERED ATTITUDE, PHYSICALISM, TRADITIONALISM, EXCITEMENT, NONJOINING ATTITUDE, AND STABLE, FEMALE BASED EXTENDED FAMILY. THE LEARNING STYLES OF THE LOW-INCOME GROUP WERE PHYSICAL AND VISUAL,…

BECAUSE THERE IS A MANPOWER SHORTAGE IN SOCIAL WORK, THE AUTHOR CONCLUDED THAT INDIGENOUS NONPROFESSIONALS SHOULD BE USED TO PERFORM BOTH TRADITIONAL AND NEW SOCIAL WELFARE FUNCTIONS. THE AUTHOR FELT THAT, ALTHOUGH WIDELY USED, THE TERM "NONPROFESSIONAL" IS INADEQUATE AND IMPLIES THE OCCUPATIONAL STATUS GAP BETWEEN MIDDLE CLASS…

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF WOMEN, THEIR LIFE STYLE AND PAST EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES, WAS MADE OF WOMEN BETWEEN 21 AND 72 YEARS OF AGE. MAILED QUESTIONNAIRES OBTAINED DATA FROM 337 RESPONDENTS ON WHAT THEY WERE DOING AND WHY, IF THEY LIKED WHAT THEY WERE DOING, AND HOW PAST EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES INFLUENCED THEIR ACTIVITIES.…

Summary information of several research projects is presented to show that underprivileged children are not prepared to cope with intellectual and social demands of the school. Results of several value scales administered to both Mexican American and Anglo junior high, senior high, and college students indicate that Mexican American students agree…

A matrix test was devised to assess cognitive skills associated with inferential reasoning. The format of the test requires the subject to choose, from among four alternatives, a figure which is related to other given figures on the basis of appearance, content, or spatial position in the matrix. The test consists of three perceptual matching…