This report, one of 10 prepared in 1980 for the Steering Committee for the Five-Year Research Plan of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), was prepared to address the state of the science of nutrition research and to relate the programs of the NICHD to present and future needs in nutrition research. Specifically,…

In a visual recognition masking experiment, a target stimulus to be identified is either preceded or followed by a second stimulus called a masking stimulus. The experiments described here provide estimates of both developmental and aging differences in visual backward masking under conditions which maximize interference in the central visual…

The effect of sports participation on character development is discussed. Literature concerned with the differences between the formation of male athletes, female athletes, high-skill-level athletes, low-skill-level athletes, and nonathletes is reviewed, as well as research concerned with the differences in personality between participants in…

The importance that a study of the humanities plays in preparing educational administrators has been recognized by many, but remains an elusive concept. There are several reasons for including the humanities in administrator preparation programs: they provide time-tested examples of appropriate relationships, they deal with enduring concerns and…

This survey describes career education activities for grades K-12 and for reading and special education classes in the Battle Creek, Michigan Public Schools. Activities, purposes and resources of career education are given individually for kindergarten through grade six; junior and senior high school activities are listed in two other sections.…

Standards regarding independent living programs for blind and visually handicapped students are presented in the self study and evaluation guide. Five areas are addressed: planning and organization, personnel, concept development and travel skills, living skills, and program evaluation. (CL)

Cognitive development as it progresses from concrete to abstract thinking is discussed as it relates to adolescent youth and the early secondary curriculum. Piagetian tests administered to a group of freshman and sophomore high school students revealed that many had difficulty with those scholastic activities requiring formal reasoning. Three…

The differential impact of birth order and IQ on sibling roles were examined with particular interest focused on achievement outcomes. Subjects were a stratified sample of 37 pairs of near-in-age siblings, all within the normal range in personality and IQ, but differing significantly in scores on the Slosson IQ Test. Results indicate that when the…

Elementary school boys and girls are highly similar with regards to the events they describe as emotionally arousing fear, sadness, anger, happiness, and pride. One hundred and sixty (160) White, Black, Chicano, and Asian-American boys and girls from kindergarten, second, third, fourth, and sixth grades freely described the situation that most…

The purpose of this teacher resource paper is to assist preschool teachers in (1) interpreting the interactions of children in terms of educational growth, (2) insuring that planned interactions will stimulate growth related to program goals, and (3) developing realistic expectations of children. Three topics are discussed. In Topic A the reader…

The language-based education of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has proved more productive than the earlier apprentice learning since it offers cognitive development. The first priority of a modern curriculum should be such cognitive development, and language remains the most suitable tool for this purpose. Politically, the full enjoyment…

The relationship between the student teaching experience and attitude changes was investigated. Twenty-six student teachers and 41 control-group students responded to a Teaching Attitude Questionnaire both before and after field experience. This questionnaire assessed attitudes toward teaching, levels of anxiety, and imagined feelings as a…

To teach a student to live his life is to give that student unlimited opportunities to be responsible for his actions, the ruminations of his mind, and the consequent actions that flow from his thinking. The only way to meet each individual child's needs is through a program geared to the student as a unique individual. The Individual Educational…

If individuals react to realities in the environment in accord with societal norms, instructional strategies in writing must be devised with the learner in mind. Teachers of writing must be interested in the social realities surrounding their students as well as the level of intuitive development attained by them. Opportunities should be provided…