The essay examines trends in attitudes toward creativity in education and business, problems in studying creativity in natural situations, creativity programing for school-age children, current efforts to encourage innovation in business, and the need to nurture creativity in every individual. (DB)

This study tested the reliability and factorial validity of the Purposes for Engaging in Physical Activity Scale (PEPAS). The instrument is designed to measure motivational factors for the purpose of curricular decision making and curriculum research. (JD)

"Take Ten" enables Sheffield (England) city council employees to take 10 days of paid educational leave for a staff development program that focuses on developing individual communication and interpersonal and teamwork skills, offering new perspectives on public service work, enabling work experiences to be shared, and broadening…

Focused on (1) the effect of mother-child interaction during a problem-solving task on subsequent, independent child performance; and (2) the variability in the division of task responsibilities and maternal regulation of the child as a function of task difficulty, child age, and task component. Participants were 60 three to five year olds and…

Results indicate that children who witness teachers' appraisal actions interpret some of them differently at different ages. Participants were 136 first through sixth graders who were assessed on measures of perceptions of target children and perceptions of teacher's opinions of target children. (RH)

Measures the relationship between developmental maturity and performance on a test of reading readiness. Finds no significant difference in performance between boys and girls or between older and younger children. Concludes that reading readiness is in large measure determined by the nature of the reading program. (RS)

A 20-week seminar for preservice teachers sought to help each student develop his individual educative and inquiry process of professional development. Students reacted positively to the seminar's focus on students' initiation of their own learning. (CB)

A six-year study investigated relationships between individual development and: (1) changes in aggressive expression; (2) continuities of aggressive behavior in girls and boys; and (3) convergence between self-concepts and social attributions of others in ontogeny. Participants were 220 fourth grade students who were followed from childhood…

Asserts career counseling too often is associated with objective test scores and rational decision making. Reiterates the importance of considering the client's developing self-concept in career counseling. Provides sample client centered career counseling session. (Author/ABL)

Four experiments studied effects of difficulty of word identification on optional conceptual processing by second, third, and fifth graders, and college students in a cued recall task. Results indicated that contrastive processing facilitates recall, and that difficulty of word identification may limit the extent of optional contrastive…

A study of effects of age and schooling in grades five and six on raw scores from a variety of general ability tests found that schooling: (1) is the major factor underlying the increase of intelligence test scores as a function of age; and (2) has a larger effect on verbal than nonverbal tests. (RH)

Presents a brief theoretical and methodological statement of developmental communication. Reviews developmental work in the general discipline of communication. Reviews several of the major research traditions within instructional communication and proposes how these traditions can be positively influenced by the developmental point of view. (SR)

Focuses on: (1) principles that underlie regulation of distress and negative emotions among infants and young children; and (2) developmental trends that occur during the first years of life. Discusses the role of caregivers. Offers ideas that lend themselves to hypothesis testing and empirical validation. (RH)

Discusses stage model describing racial identity and consciousness development process among majority (i.e., Euro-Anglo White) counselor trainees esconced in a multicultural learning environment. Proposes four-stage developmental model wherein trainees come to acknowledge and accept their own racial identity and that of minorities. (BH)

This article focuses on research identifying the value-added outcomes perceived by adults completing a liberal arts degree. These outcomes are compared with those of traditional-aged college graduates. The personal growth gains indicated by the adults provide support for justifying special degree programs. (SK)