This article is an English translation of Niklas Luhmann's essay, "Erziehung als Formung des Lebenslaufes." Any review of what takes place nowadays in the "education system" soon reveals that no account, let alone theory, covers everything to be found there. It embraces not only schools and universities but also kindergartens…

Mathematical knowledge is constructed hierarchically from basic understanding of quantities and the symbols that denote them. Discrimination of numerical quantity in both symbolic and non-symbolic formats has been linked to mathematical problem-solving abilities. However, little is known of the extent to which overlap in quantity representations…

Longitudinal measurement enables the examination of behavioral or psychological change. One approach to examining longitudinal measurements is the use of latent growth curve modeling (LGCM). This approach affords the assessment of inter- and intraindividual change. Yet, this approach likely is underused in exercise science. The purpose of the…

On the one hand, according to Richard Rorty, Paulo Freire and others, "education" is the practice of freedom. On the other hand, according to Michael Foucault, Mary Midgley and others, "ethics" is the practice of freedom. How, then, are education and ethics related to one another and what do these authors mean by 'the practice…

According to Johnson (2007), learning and teaching arise from a human being's bodily experience in relationship with others and the environment (embodiment). Many teachers perceive and mobilize their bodies in rather unconscious ways. Becoming conscious of their perceptions can help them teach. It can also influence their internal/external…

Socially anxious adolescents often endure anxiety-provoking situations using "safety behaviors": strategies for minimizing in-the-moment distress (e.g., avoiding eye contact, rehearsing statements before entering a conversation). Studies linking safety behaviors to impaired functioning have largely focused on adults. In a sample of 134…

Background: Some education programs' early positive effects disappear over time. Other programs have unanticipated positive long-term effects. Foundations have warned of the dangers of putting too much weight on in-program effects, which "often fade over time." The U.S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences (IES) even…

Community colleges serve the most racially and ethnically diverse student population across higher education institutions, yet the highest level of leadership does not reflect the racial diversity, as community college presidents are most likely to be White (American Council on Education, 2017; Campaign for College Opportunity, 2018). Student…

My dissertation research has been a quest to understand how to improve metacognition development in undergraduate chemistry education. The first step I took in this investigation was to speak with those with the largest influence on an undergraduate chemistry student's education: the instructors. I interviewed seventeen postsecondary chemistry…

Retention of diverse undergraduate students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is important for the future of the field. However, women and students from various racial/ethnic groups are often underrepresented in STEM majors. The National Academies has identified mentoring as impactful to fostering diversity and STEM…

Due to the ongoing digitalisation of workplaces and educational settings, human activity underpinning learning and work is increasingly mediated by technology. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and its integration into everyday technologies influences how people are exposed to information, interact, learn and make decisions. We argue…

Objective: Adjustment to retirement is heterogeneous in nature, and for some, but not all individuals, may require well-being support. However, limited information is available on the types of psychosocial interventions that can be effective during this time of transition with pre-retirees or retirees. This review identified psychosocial…

Mathematics growth trajectory plays a significant role to predict future outcomes and careers. We examined the existence of different growth trajectories in mathematics during the late elementary-school period (from Grades 4 to 6) and the relationship between the trajectory group classification and later mathematics achievement (Grade 8). Then,…

Language mindsets and second language motivational self system (L2MSS) are two important motivational frameworks in understanding second language (L2) engagement. We argue that whether and how mindsets predict academic engagement can be explained by L2MSS components (ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and learning experience). Using a multi-stage…

This article draws on critical race theory, intersectionality, critical feminism, queer and indigenous paradigms to critique existing approaches to leader/leadership identity development (LID) and to illuminate how people from marginalized and oppressed communities can experience more just and equitable pathways to leadership. It offers…