This paper investigated whether children can learn to cooperate under minimal social conditions. The research also compares the effectiveness of verbal instructions and a training task for teaching subjects the "win-stay/lose-change" rule. This rule has been used to explain the development of cooperation in the minimal social situation. Subjects…

Three variables, derived from Blau's (1955) analysis of consultation networks among federal agents and Homans' (1961) social exchange analysis, were manipulated to observe their effects on help seeking. Subjects were presented with a hypothetical situation where help was needed. Subjects indicated that they would be more likely to seek help from a…

It has been suggested in previous literature that the wife's employment status has both positive and negative influences on marital interaction and companionship. The differences in findings and hypotheses can be interpreted by either the theory of role strain or the theory of role accumulation. The purpose of this investigation is to determine…

The National Institute of Mental Health recognizes the need for careful research investigations into the influences of sex roles on individual behavior and on societal institutions. During 1973 and 1974 the Institute held a series of research workshops to identify and encourage needed studies on sex roles, their biological and social bases, and…

Several misconceptions regarding the status of human communication systems relative to the systems of other animals are discussed in this paper. Arguments are offered supporting the expansion of the communication discipline to include the study of the communication systems of other species. The "communicative continuity" view which ranks…

This publication is an informal report on a technical research problem, that of manpower utilization. This report is based on the results of a questionnaire sent out in 1973 and completed and returned by 621 men. The sample was the result of a steady attrition of the 3,000 men who responded to a short news item in "Science" magazine inviting…

The purpose of this study was to test an informational vs. a dispositional hypothesis in predicting how children resolve instances of attributional conflict. Sixty-four sixth grade boys served as subjects after scoring in the upper and lower quartile of the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale (IAR). Each child performed two separate…

The article suggests that many uncertainties exist with regard to the use of the "mega-hallucinogen" STP. Discussion centers on the history, chemistry, and pharmacology of the drug and its patterns of use. The subjective effects on humans as well as on animals is reviewed. Psychological and physiological effects of STP continue to be researched,…

Empathy has been hypothesized as a mediator facilitating prosocial behaviors such as altruism. Definitions and measures of empathy disagree as to the extent to which the observer's response is affective and the necessity for the observer to understand the other's point of view. A conceptualization of empathy which includes these considerations has…

The purpose of this essay is to propose a different explanation of collective behavior and also to hypothesize how communication functions in this process. Using the experimental finding known as the "risky shift," this essay (1) summarizes the history of the risky shift, (2) presents two different theories which have been proposed to…

Life Skills are problem solving behaviors appropriately and responsibly used in the management of one's life. This book is a collection of papers on the theory, practice and evaluation of Life Skills, and an expanded version of the fifth edition of "Life Skills: A Course In Applied Problem Solving." It includes essays on the purposes and…

Jerome Kagen, who developed instruments to measure and classify the aspect of man's psychological make-up known as conceptual tempo, generated 3 conceptual tempos: reflective, impulsive, and neutral. These tempos are determined by measuring latency time (time lapse) from stimulus to first response and recording the number of errors made. In this…

This paper reports a study of selected examples of verbal behavior patterns in primary grade classrooms during science activities. The subjects were 32 elementary teachers within five mid-Michigan public school districts. A control group of 16 teachers taught science in the conventional manner. The experimental group received an in-depth study of…

This paper reports results of the first year of a 2-year comparative study of four curricula used for disadvantaged preschool children: Bereiter-Engelmann, DARCEE, Montessori, and Traditional (the official Head Start program). Details of the study design and procedures are contained in the abbreviated Annual Progress Report for 1968-1969 (PS 003…

On the basis of the sibling-similarity hypothesis, it was hypothesized that females with a sister as opposed to females with a brother would report less past and desired sport participation and more psychological femininity. To investigate this hypothesis, sibling-sex-status and ordinal position effects were analyzed separately for females who…