In the twentieth century, educational philosophy has turned from grand system building toward approaches which consider the process of education itself to be the source of issues requiring a philosophical, value-oriented resolution. Philosophical inquiry has extended to social, psychological, and human issues. (Editor/SJL)

Through a review of the literature describes some elements of the role of the principal in a large city school system and finds that strategies and devices for organizational stability and survival comprise an important portion of a principal's discretionary activity. (Author/WD)

The current status of secondary physical education is examined in five determinants of curriculum and in presentations of specific styles of physical education curriculum. Curriculum styles such as disciplinary, personalized, and social reordering are chosen based on students, teachers, schools, equipment, facilities, and subject matter involved.…

A questionnaire was administered to 180 students and 53 teachers in a rural and an urban high school. Results indicate a fairly wide "shared perception" of the fairness of teacher actions in general discipline, but significant differences on control of the academic process and content. The questionnaire is included. (Author/SJL)

Compared the effects of two behavior management strategies. More rapid and slightly greater improvement was achieved under the praise-soft reprimand combination than under the praise-ignore combination. Improvement in behavior diminished less rapidly in the reversals following the praise-ignore phases. (Author)

Parents and teachers must allow children to feel all their feelings, including anger. Children can be helped to accept their feelings and to channel and direct them to constructive ends. Discipline should be motivated by the need to protect and teach, not a desire to punish. (JAC)

The process of "progressive discipline" is one method of improving employee performance by documenting areas needing improvement. Each disciplinary case must be dealt with as though the administrator would be asked to argue it before an arbitrator or a court of law. (Author/MLF)

This article describes a discipline program for urban elementary school students. The program is based on several theories of moral development and it emphasizes the importance of the social context of the school environment. (Author/EB)

Teachers are increasingly being awarded court cases for infringement on their civil rights by boards of education. (LH)

Studied the demographic characteristics of student offenders. Found that when offenders were examined with reference to a baseline group, there was no difference in offense rates among the undergraduate classes and divisions, but there were differences between the sexes and place of residence. (Author)

Classroom informality helps attune pupil behavior to the demands of bureaucratic life by contributing to pupil learning of formal social behavior. The paper discusses various concepts of school and pupil roles and characterizes and analyzes the function of the apparently paradoxical nature of student rules. (Author/SB)

Model of group counseling was thought to provide therapeutic atmosphere in which disruptive students have opportunity to gain responsibility for effective and active involvement in their educational experience and psychological development. Results indicate process helped disruptive students acquire thinking and behavior patterns to interact more…

The European Commission on Human Rights is now investigating the case of a seven-year-old boy in Lanarkshire, whose parents have failed to obtain a guarantee that he will not receive corporal punishment at school. Author finds that, contrary to the teachers' agreed code of practice, the "tawse" (leather belt) is still widely used in…

Due process requirements should not be an excuse for failing to maintain firm standards of conduct. Due process demands that policies for discipline and punishment be established, and these policies will help by spelling out the rights and options of both students and educators. (Author/MLF)

Argues that, although the high salaries of faculty "superstars" may disadvantage other faculty and staff, particularly in a period of downsizing, the more serious problem is the tradition of large discipline-based differences in faculty salaries which undermine the principles of merit-based compensation. Resentment of "superstar" salaries may have…