Suggests that disruptive behavior in the classroom should be studied by educational and behavioral science researchers as an entity in its own right and suggests how researchers can use a sequence analysis approach to test the viability of treating disruption in the classroom as a series of social episodes or incidents.

This study of 68 girls in a sports-with-prizes treatment indicated that children can be induced to behave generously, even after a lapse of time, in proportion to the amount of modeled generous behavior they see. Older children and children experiencing success were more generous. (SJL)

Sees four implications for counseling as a result of the additions to research and theory building of social, developmental, and general psychology. From social influence theory and from cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and developmental research, a prototype "systematic eclectic" task-model directed toward implications is offered. (Author)

Describes common methodological inadequacies in research on treatment of obesity and suggests alternatives. Importance of multiple measurement of outcome is emphasized. Merits of alternative single-subject and between-groups experimental designs are discussed. Reasons for conspicuous lack of long-term follow-ups are analyzed. Recommendations for…

Examines a study of how human models affect the impression conveyed by an advertisement, particularly the effect of a Black model's physical characteristics on product evaluations among Black and White females.Results show that the physical appearance of the model influenced impressions of product quality and suitability for personal use. (JMF)

Investigated the effects of the consensus and sentence structure of single sentence descriptions of different behaviors on causal attributions. High consensus produced less person attribution than did low consensus, and passive items produced more stimulus attribution than did active items. (Author)

While accepting that certain points made by Phillips and Nicolayev are accurate, the statement that Kohlberg's research program is degenerative is perhaps too extreme an interpretation. (JN)

Examines the statistical evidence presented by George Gerbner and his colleagues to support the assertion that television viewing cultivates distorted perceptions of the world. Points out discrepancies in the items, samples, and coding categories employed and concludes that the cultivation hypothesis lacks empirical support. (JMF)

Addresses the ubiquitous practices of trait inference and labeling, inference of motives, and the conceptual division of prosocial and antisocial behavior into dichotomous entities. In the case of children who are "acting-out" at an excessively high frequency, these alternatives are more humane and useful in a pragmatic, scientific sense.…

A review of research on the relationship between behavior disorders and allergy and food additives. (CM)

Discusses the probative potential of evidence in argument, and evaluates the importance of evidence in predicting belief change. Predicts adherence to argument claims and confirms the traditionally recognized importance of evidence to persuasion. (JMF)

Presents support for the conclusion that an equity expectation exists among workers vis-a-vis their supervisor's communicative behavior toward them. Three communicative variables were manipulated simultaneously to create clearly different relationships between control and experimental groups, and perceived inequity and its effects were measured.…

When 180 children were given candy to share with others following one of three conditions for learning to share (demonstration, induction, and control groups), they showed increased sharing behaviors under the conditions of behavior example and induction, especially and significantly with induction. Sharing also increased as resources increased.…

This paper describes an apparatus used in motor control and memory research. (MM)

A behavior management program which uses media activities as reinforcers for maintenance and acquisition of appropriate classroom behaviors is described. Ways of using technology-based activities to encourage desirable behavior are discussed. (MP)