Reviews and clarifies counseling from an existential perspective, with emphasis on the distinction between neurotic and ontological anxiety. The existentially oriented counselor insists that clients face themselves as referents in a phenomenological context by experiencing existential "anxiety" when confronted with the pain of finitude,…

A reexamination of the arousal-performance relationship indicates that anxiety should be viewed as a multidimensional construct consisting of physical, behavioral, and cognitive components. (CJ)

Smokers and nonsmokers were exposed to anti-smoking communications to compare the relationship of emotional arousal, attitudes, and subjective normative beliefs. Findings revealed that smoking-related intentions were more strongly associated with attitudes toward smoking than with subjective normative beliefs or emotional arousal. (RC)

Measured psychological sequelae to induced abortion among women pregnant out of wedlock, using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and questions specific to willingness to repeat abortion under similar circumstances. Analyses indicated no relation between objective and subjective indicators. Affectivity after induced abortion had…

States that the social conditions that produce cults are favorable today and that those young people who are attracted to cult membership are idealistic, innocent, inquisitive, independent, identity-seeking, insecure, and vulnerable. Suggests that educators can help students be aware of the seriousness of the problems cults can cause. (TJ)

Examines the social behavior of withdrawn and aggressive girls, taking gaze as dependent measure. It was predicted that (1) withdrawn children will gaze less than aggressive children but that (2) the difference will be marked only in discussions of personal matters. Twenty girls aged 12-15 were selected from two schools for maladusted children in…

A normative study of 230 children (aged three to seven years) from Sydney preschools and primary schools was carried out to study the development of sustained attention (vigilance) and inhibition in children. (MP)

Discusses the cognitive processes and emotional needs that influence developmental changes related to fears and suggests some techniques which adults may use to help children cope with their fears. (Author/MP)

The traditional symptoms of illness may have their origins in the inability of the individual to cope with life and comfortably resolve daily stress situations. (JD)

Participation in a team sport should be viewed differently from participation in an individual sport in relation to winning and losing since, while winning has aggression reduction value to both types of participants, losing may be more frustrating for individual athletes than for team participants. (MB)

Discusses the "chutzpah factor", the ability to transcend fear and enter into the unknown, in altered states of consciousness, especially in what are known as "adept" individuals. Examines the powerful effect a person's belief system has upon what he or she is able to do and endure. (Editor/RK)

The sensitivity of five measures of outcomes of treatment for generalized social phobia was studied with 60 people diagnosed with generalized social phobia. Outcome measures were completed before and after treatment and three months later, and effect sizes were computed. Results support the usefulness of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (S.…

Investigated to what extent imaginary companions are created in the diaries of adolescents. Content analysis of questionnaire responses by participants, ages 12 to 17 years (N=241), indicate that the imaginary companion was similar to the writer in many aspects. Results show that the imaginary companion was not the result of an egocentric…

Used grounded theory to investigate women's experience of mothering. Conducted unstructured interviews with 11 mothers who had one or more children under 12 years old. Results focus on the psychological experience of mothering by considering the challenges and opportunities that childbirth and child rearing offer. Implications for marital…

Evaluates the psychiatric sequelae of parents and siblings following the loss of a family member to suicide. Siblings showed no increased risk for depression despite a prolonged elevated level of grief symptomatology. Mothers experienced an increased rate of recurrence of depression, whereas fathers did not show an increased incidence of disorder.…