A Norwegian version of the Achievement Motives Scale (AMS) was administered to Oslo sixth-graders, along with verbal, numeric, test anxiety, and lie/defensiveness tests. Results showed the relationships to academic performance predicted by achievement theory. Even when related to the personality scales, the AMS showed promising qualities.…

An alternative social psychological model of moral development, proposed by Robert Hogan, is assessed. Five character-trait dimensions of moral character (moral knowledge, socialization, empathy, autonomy, and ethical attitudes) were used to predict a measure of rule-breaking behavior. Results indicate some support for Hogan's model. (Author)

Small isolated theories can be restated as choice and exchange theory; in effect, incorporating them into the theory. The procedure employed is to state the implicit or explicit propositions of the small theories in ordinary language, then restate and extend them. (Author)

This model is based on considerations of formulation of political goals, a situational-power audit, identification of political targets, power tactics of the change agent and internal change unit, and monitoring of the change process. This should help increase the probability of successful change. (Author/BEF)

Results of this study indicate that self-knowledge theory can be used to establish guidelines for processing structured experiences. Guidelines include assessing the stage of participants using the Experience Recall Test, and utilizing questions associated with stages in sequence. (Author/BEF)

Supervising teachers of adults requires sensitivity and skill in order to achieve a relationship of openness and trust. In their role of helping agents, supervisors identify needs, assist in classroom management, and provide opportunities for teacher improvement. (SK)

Five models of social work practice are described: social competency, social change, medical-clinical, ecological, and learning or educational. The models are compared according to their belief systems, assumptions about the target population and social work roles, and authority patterns. (MSE)

Pavlov's organism-in-the-environment model was adapted to a functional analysis of communication, expecially abstract and symbolic activities. A classification of discrimination response and reinforcement patterns was given. (CP)

Determined whether depressed moods created by Velten's mood induction procedure (VMIP) are due to the negative self-evaluative nature of the statements or to the specific suggestions regarding bodily states. Results support a somatic suggestion hypothesis and offer no support for self-devaluative interpretations of VMIP effects. (Author/BEF)

This article presents an historical overview of the disengagement theory of social gerontology, first presented by Queen and Gruener. Trends and implications for the future are discussed. (Author/HLM)

Discusses some guidelines for effective persuasion derived from the research literature. Illustrates these guidelines' application to problems of consultation and focuses on three broad tasks that a persuader faces: identifying the potential bases of resistance, constructing effective messages aimed at such bases, and following up after the…

Used the theory of planned behavior in a sample of 15- and 16-year-old students (N=285), to create a comprehensive model for predictors of adolescent smoking. Students with lower conduct/morality self-efficacy had more positive attitudes toward smoking. Discusses results in terms of potential interventions to discourage adolescent smoking. (RJM)

Compared children's concept of illness with that of adults. Results suggested that both causes and symptoms of affected adults' categorization of illness, with neither type of feature being definitive. Children's ascriptions of illness generally matched adults' but were highly correlated with judgments of illness. Children also viewed illness as a…

Describes aspects of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). REBT shows how people can both create and uncreate many of their emotional disturbances. It is a theory of personality which avoids devotion to any kind of magic and supernaturalism and emphasizes unconditional self-acceptance, antiabsolutism, uncertainty, and human fallibility. (RJM)

Proposes a cognitive-neoassociationistic model to account for the effects of negative affect on the development of angry feelings and the display of emotional aggression. Summarizes psychological studies that indicate that attention to one's negative feelings can lead to a regulation of the overt effects of the negative affect. (FMW)