This study explored the combined influences of daily activities and autonomy in activity engagement on adolescent daily positive and negative moods. Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) were used to obtain information about 8th- and 10th-grade students' (N = 517) mood, activities, and situation throughout the day. Participants responded to…

This paper explores the possibility of integrating cognitive theory into an established instructional development model, i.e., Gagne's nine events of instruction. Based on the third edition of Gagne's book, this paper describes the most up-to-date notions of how cognitive theory impacts on this development framework. Each of the nine events is…

Two experiments, each involving 96 sighted undergraduates, investigated the effects on braille learning of presenting information about the number of dots a symbol contains at the beginning of the study interval (prompting condition). In study 1, prompting was compared with presenting no information during the study interval. In experiment 2,…

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE (1) TO IDENTIFY AND COMPARE THREE KINDS OF TRANSFER EFFECTS--AN EFFECT ASSOCIATED WITH CUE REPETITION, A LEARNING-TO-LEARN EFFECT, AND A WARM-UP EFFECT, AND (2) TO EVALUATE THE USEFULNESS OF CUE-RESPONSE CORRELATIONS IN EXPLAINING TRANSFER EFFECTS. THE STUDY WAS BASED ON THE DEFINITION OF TRANSFER EFFECTS AS…

The effect of special practice frames (which contain no prompts) upon programed instruction was examined by using a program in counterinsurgency. The subjects, 32 Army enlisted personnel, represented two levels of verbal ability. The program was administered to each subject individually by an experimenter who used negative reinforcement. Although…

An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that a program of prompting, practice, and feedback would improve the beginning teacher's ability to observe pupil performance in the classroom. Eighty-four teacher education students were randomly assigned to four 35-minute treatments: (I) viewing an instructional video tape of 21 brief…

This study used reinforcement principles to investigate some procedures for helping a 4-year-old Mexican-American girl establish peer contact in a Head Start class. Although Diane was healthy and intelligent, she had a low rate of attendance at school and spent most of her time there in isolation. The first procedure employed in the study was the…

This study used five cueing systems composed of 16 cues each in combination with three topical areas to form cue-topic pairs which acted as stimulus items for the retrieval of naturally stored information. The five cue systems were composed of: randomly selected words, randomly selected nouns, the Wilson and Arnold system, a modification of the…

An experimental program was conducted to develop effective methods for producing and utilizing filmed demonstrations and instructional manuals. Four variations on conventional filmed demonstrations were evaluated: 1) revising an Army film through repeated tryouts with novices, 2) stopping the projector after each step is demonstrated to allow…

The paper reviews 26 studies using the delayed prompt procedure in applied and laboratory settings with developmentally disabled children and adults and others. Results suggest that the delayed prompt procedure is an efficient teaching strategy, with subjects typically acquiring discriminations within a few training sessions or limited number of…

The Sequential Prompt Reduction Technique (SPRT) was used with a 5-year-old severely retarded boy to develop his play skills. The SPRT has four components: identification of a desired terminal behavior, establishment of task sequences, delineation of prompts, and establishment of a prompt sequence. (DB)

Manipulation of mechanical restraint properties were conducted in separate studies with two profoundly retarded adolescents who exhibited both self-restraint and self-injurious behavior. Techniques included prompting, differential reinforcement, and stimulus fading. Results suggested that stimulus fading and transfer may be valuable components in…

Effects of an intervention and fading package (teacher prompting and contingent praise) on social initiations of three withdrawn preschool subjects were investigated. Among reported results was that abrupt removal of prompting resulted in similarly abrupt reductions in subjects' social initiations, whereas response-dependent fading maintained…

Twenty-one vocational rehabilitation clients were taught four different assembly tasks utilizing a different teaching method (short task-preresponse prompting, long task-preresponse prompting, short task-error-correction prompting, and long-task error-correction prompting). Preresponse prompts yielded fewer errors than error-correction prompts.…

Describes three methods used by researchers to elicit original metaphors and similes: structured tasks using poetry ideas, definitions and models, and supporting the thesis of a paper. (CRH)