This literature review examines Kurt Lewin's influence in leadership psychology. Characteristics of field theory are described in detail and utilized in analyzing leadership research, including the trait approach, leader behavior studies, contingency theory, path-goal theory, and leader decision theory. Important trends in leadership research are…

The purpose of this study was to review existing human operator modeling techniques and evaluate their potential utility for performance measurement applications (e.g., to support the type of flight simulation research that entails accounting for the perception and utilization of various cues). The major human operator characteristics that ought…

An experiment was conducted to investigate the nature of synonyms by using multidimensional scaling. The selected concept was "pig" and three of its synonyms--"hog,""boar," and "swine." These terms vary in their frequency of use in English, which makes it possible to explore a behaviorally based theory of…

The focus of this essay is the Afro American as an actor or agent possessing the capacity to play a part in shaping the contours of his life. The author examines ways in which humanistic and mechanistic psychological perspectives differ on fundamental assumptions about behavior and discusses how the humanistic trend in psychology can be…

A PROJECT WHICH DEVELOPED A "DESIGNED EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT" TO IMPROVE THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF DELINQUENT ADOLESCENT BOYS IS DESCRIBED. BASED ON THE BEHAVIOR THEORY OF LEARNING, THE PROJECT OFFERED 16 INSTITUTIONALIZED BOYS VOLUNTARY DAILY PROGRAMED OR SEMI-PROGRAMED ACADEMIC COURSES. CURRICULUMS WERE CREATED FOR EACH STUDENT ON…

This paper provides a broad perspective on theories of emotional development and evaluates the implications of different theories for the practicing teacher. Not only psychoanalytic theories but also many theories of emotion contribute to the understanding of children. For example, behaviorist, experimental, ethological, humanist, developmental,…

This monograph focuses on educational research on the processes and natures of problem-solving activities in mathematics. The first chapter presents an overview to both the field and the document itself. All of the studies reported reflect interrelated investigations carried out at the University of Madison-Wisconsin, as partial fulfillments of…

Inequity theory differs from social exchange theory in its analysis of a worker's reaction to pay by asserting that effects on work performance caused by high or low pay are due to social comparison of fairness rather than principles of direct exchange, such as reciprocity and power. The present experiment held piece-rate pay constant at two…

This study examined the relationship of dependency, empathy, and altruism. It was hypothesized that: (1) dependency would be related in a curvilinear manner to empathy, with children who are moderate in dependency scoring highest in empathy; (2) dependency would be positively related to visible altruism when such prosocial behavior results in…

Objective self-awareness theory and stimulus incongruity theory suggest that focusing one's attention on one's behavior in an unfamiliar situation will increase the drive to evaluate oneself, which may be manifested in social comparison. Videotapes of male undergraduates conversing with hand-held puppets were used to study direction of attention…

The National Art Education Association (NAEA) conducted four Research Training Programs immediately preceding each of the 1968 NAEA Regional Conventions. The combined number of participants for all training programs was 194, composed of persons involved in elementary, secondary and university teaching, and in supervision and administration. The…

This paper is an abstract of the original manuscript, by Nancy Boulton, which examines the area of intersection between purely linguistic and social behavior to see if the latter is amenable to formal description. The paper examines psychoanalytic discourse and presents evidence for the following hypotheses: (1) since participants can recognize…

Language has the power to structure and change thought and behavior, where there exists a belief in this positive power of language. Magic is curative because the language of magic has a powerful suggestive effect on the human mind familiar with the context in which this language is used. In psychotherapy, the special terminology is a vital part…

One of 52 theoretical papers on school crime and its relation to poverty, this chapter presents four moralization paradigms (psychoanalytic, social learning, humanistic, and cognitive-developmental) as explanatory hypotheses for the relationship between poverty and school crime. The paper takes the position that no one paradigm is sufficient to…

The human being is an organism consisting of body-feelings-mind. Any displacement of this integration of self causes a blocking of personality often expressing itself in neurotic behavior. The one obvious factor presenting itself in the counselor's office is neurotic behavior. The therapeutic fields of bioenergetics and gestalt have contributed to…