Three types of dense fibrous connective tissue are described: articular cartilage; tendon; and ligament; and the characteristics of each are related to its function. Articular cartilage is the smooth covering over the surface of bone at joints, and is comprised of up to 80 percent water. This smooth covering serves to decrease the friction between…

The purpose of this book is to be a source of complete, reliable, and practical sports medicine information. Experts from the American Running and Fitness Association describe in clear language how overuse injuries occur, how to recognize and self-treat them, when to seek professional help, and how to prevent future injuries. The book also…

This paper focuses on the anatomy and functions of the shoulder that are relevant to the evaluation and treatment of athletic injuries. A discussion is presented on the four basic components of the shoulder mechanism: (1) super structure--bony components; (2) moving parts--joints involved; (3) motor power--musculature; and (4) communications…

A description is given of typical sport-related injuries to the shoulder area. These include: (1) brachial plexus injuries; (2) peripheral nerve injuries about the shoulder; (3) acromioclavicular injuries; (4) sternoclavicular injuries; (5) shoulder dislocations; (6) recurrent traumatic subluxation/dislocations; and (7) overuse injuries.…

This article presents a single instance of blunt pancreatic trauma resulting from intercollegiate football. (JS)

Two experiments made in a study of the feasibility of keeping children away from harmful household goods through the use of odorous chemical substances which elicit inherent aversive reactions in children are discussed. The subjects, procedure, and results of each experiment are given. The overall results of the study show that, in general, the…

In this Illinois case the Appellate Court considered whether one player is liable for the negligent infliction of injury to an opposing player. Alternative interpretations are discussed regarding the circumstances under which a player is held liable. (LBH)

Compared to hospitalized patients (N=100) who had not fallen, 100 hospitalized patients who had fallen were more likely to have had a previous fall, presence of a secondary diagnosis, intravenous therapy, impaired gait, used walking aids, and poor mental states. Identifies three types of falls (physiological anticipated, physiological…

This review discusses the value of physical maturity assessment as a way to reduce the risk of physical injury and psychological insult to young athletes. Maturity assessments should be included in preparticipation health examinations and the information used by schools and community organizations. (Author/MT)

Case studies indicate that the cosmetic athlete, who exercises primarily to attain or maintain an attractive physical appearance, may overwork unconditioned muscles and stress the spine and other structures. (Author/CB)

Under the careful supervision of a trained fitness professional, the benefits of prepubescent strength training (improved strength, power, muscular endurance, bone density) outweigh the risks (acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries). (CB)

The medical aspects of surfing include ear and eye injuries and sprains and strains of the lower back and neck, as well as skin cancer from exposure to the sun. Treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of these problems are discussed. Surfing is recommended as part of an exercise program for reasonably healthy people. (Author/MT)

The article describes the potential impact of a prevention model on reducing unintentional childhood injuries. Following a review of major childhood injuries and related risk factors, the model, which borrows from prevention, behavioral, and community psychology frameworks, is elucidated. An example using fire emergency skills is offered.…

Six researchers discuss the advantages of walking as a lifelong exercise and weigh it against others types of exercise. (MT)

Five physicians discuss the use of knee braces to prevent injuries in football players. Questions are raised regarding the strength and design of the braces, whether they prestress the knee in some cases, and whether they actually reduce injuries. More clinical and biomechanical research is called for. (MT)