One hundred forty-four subjects received 4 Brown-Peterson trials with recall triads from a common encoding category. Items on three trials were from a common subset, while on the fourth, the subset was shifted or not, and a cue was presented or not. The cue influenced response generation, a shift improved recall. (CHK)

A total of 36 5- and 8-year-old children were tested on cued and noncued recall of a list of 16 words containing either two, four or eight categories. Reported are numbers of words and categories recalled in cued and noncued situations, cluster grouping, age differences and interaction effects. (SDH)

The effects of prompting by peers on the rate of completing assignments and on the correspondence of noon-time plans with the amount of actual studying exhibited the same evening was observed with 15 undergraduate university students. Subjects were provisionally accepted students enrolled in a one credit pass/fail course. Students initially earned…

The present state of research in the area of automated teaching and the application of automated teaching devices were reviewed in terms of issues relating to programing, to machine variables, and to studies comparing conventional instruction with automated instruction. Some basic issues were singled out for consideration. Such problems as…

Describes a method of vocabulary prompting where the initial letter of each word in a phrase serves as a cue. Vocabulary recall is often difficult, but if the instructor uses whole words or phrases for cuing this leads to loss of creative effort from students. Letter cuing is a compromise between no help and too much help. (TL)

Examines self-control interventions considered effective in improving the performance of mentally retarded persons in acquiring, maintaining, and generalizing learned tasks. Studies employing self-monitoring, self-reinforcement, and antecedent cue regulation (self-instruction and picture cues) are cited. Picture cues are recommended as the most…

Data were generally consistent with the view that preschoolers and elementary schoolers can respond to memory probes by applying arithmetical processing to running gist from recently solved problems. Discussed are two competing interpretations of the development of working memory: fuzzy-trace theory and the generic-resources hypothesis. (Author/RH)

Three severely retarded adult males were taught to use a side-of-the-foot soccer pass, using a nine-step stimulus-response chain. Intensive physical prompts were provided initially, then systematically faded. The three trainers achieved the no-prompt criterion after 24, 29, and 22 sessions, respectively. (Author/JW)

The main purpose of this study was to look at how we used specific writing assignments in our courses to encourage metacognitive reflection in order to increase the learning that takes place. The study also aimed to aid in the development of higher order processing skills through the development of student reflection. The students involved in the…

Three groups of kindergarten children received four training trials and a word-recognition test with 15 words in a beginning-reading task. The prompting-and-fading and the no-prompting groups performed similarly on word recognition after training and scored significantly higher than the prompting-only group. (Author)

The selective attention model was used to explain effects of overprompting students (N=170) provided with study questions adjunct to a complex flow diagram describing scientific cyclical schema. Strongly prompting students to answers of questions was less effective than an unprompted question treatment, suggesting that prompting techniques be used…

Prompts used by mathematics teachers are categorized into the following three major orientations: 1) motivation; 2) process; and 3) product. The structure of each type of prompt is broken into sub-categories and discussed with examples. This analysis is viewed as the first step towards teacher training for prompting skills. (MP)

A study analyzed the effects of two initiation techniques on community leisure participation during free time for six adults with mild to moderate mental retardation. The two interventions, calendar and telephone prompts, were both found to have a positive relationship with the initiation of community leisure activities. (Author/CR)

Discusses writing instruction and the use of educational computer programs; provides a theoretical framework that includes cognitive tool partnerships, learning theory, writing research, and the Vygotskian theory of mediated learning; and describes a prompting tool that used the macro language of IBM's WordPerfect with college and middle school…

A study assessed the efficacy of a written script/cue card program to teach conversational speech skills to three verbal, literate boys (ages 8-10) with autism. Initially boys demonstrated low frequencies of conversational speech. Following intervention, all three quickly met the training criteria and maintained correct responding without cue…