In social studies classes, there is a longstanding interest in how societies evolve and change over time. However, as stories of the past unfold, it is often difficult to identify a direct link between causes and effects, so students are forced to accept at face value the interpretations of economists, political scientists, historians,…

Holland's [Holland, J. L. (1959). A theory of occupational choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6, 35-45; Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.] RIASEC types were initially developed using a restricted range…

The process by which human beings, as they grow toward maturity, develop values is not an automatic one. The process can be fostered by a number of teaching strategies. The strategies include the techniques of self-discovery, the provision of learning environments that encourage growth, and the practice of specific skills. This volume provides a…

The introductory chapter clarifies key terms and lays the background for different theories of moral development. Chapter 2 surveys competing models from various schools of thought on the initial origins of morality in childhood. The works discussed include those of Freud, Jung and Piaget. Chapter 3 includes: Erik H. Erikson's sociocultural…

Explores the effects of metaphorical language on receiver attention and memory. (MH)

Author describes the Perls perversion, the ego-centered attitude that people should live up to one's expectations and satisfy one's whims, which causes interpersonal friction. RET helps people counteract this perversion by sensitizing them to their internalized irrational belief system, disputing it, and trying to behave rationally. Commentary by…

An undergraduate psychology course (Models of Human Behavior) that is taught at New Orleans's Loyola University is described. The survey-type course emphasizes an interdisciplinary approach to understanding human behavior and spans several major orientations in Western intellectual thought regarding human behavior. The course is intended to…

Aspects of the social environment that contribute to the development of a child's self-esteem are the topic of this literature review. Three issues are addressed. Taken up first are the often conflicting theories concerning how self-esteem is developed and maintained. Second is the issue of the influence on self-esteem of significant others. Third…

An argument is presented that "leadership metanoia," (i.e., a fundamental shift of mind in relation to leadership) has recently taken hold in many parts of the country, with implications for leadership development at Lorain Community College (LCC) in Ohio. The first section of the paper reviews the work of the six behavioral scientists who exerted…

Theory and research related to early adolescent sex role development needs to be addressed from both a life-span and an ecological perspective. A study was conducted to examine the development of male early adolescent sex role attitudes and behaviors in an ecological context. Data were the results of a state-wide survey of 10- to 14-year-old males…

This paper presents a self-contained summary in English of the results of a research project conducted for the Nordic Council of Ministers to define problems, advantages, and disadvantages of the electronic dissemination of information for consumers, and to determine whether consumer organizations should adapt their information activities and…

To explain how writing is both cognitive and behavioral, this paper compares and contrasts behavioral and cognitive orientations within an instructional design. The first section addresses the weaknesses and strengths of a behavioral versus a cognitive orientation and relates them to Janet Emig's 1971 study, "The Composing Processes of Twelfth…

Written by a methodological behaviorist, this treatise critiques neo-Hullian, Freudian, Eriksonian, and Piagetian theories and presents an ethological perspective on behavior and personality development. The critique is extended to cover social learning, cognitive-developmental, neo-Freudian, and Skinnerian theories, as well as the ideas of…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between reported sexual behaviors of college students and their perceptions of the sexual behaviors of their peers. The subjects were students enrolled in a basic human sexuality course offered at a large midwestern university. Fifty-seven women and seventeen men were given…

Self-concept must be viewed from the broader context of total organismic functioning. The human organism, functions in ways which support its own survival, maintenance, and growth. As one aspect of the total organismic functioning, self concept also may be thought of as being formed by processes which serve to support survival, maintenance, and…