The paper addresses variations in the occupational and educational expectations of high school seniors from two geographic regions of the U.S. It gives particular emphasis to differences in the proportions with high expectations, to the relationships between those proportions and certain personal-social characteristics of the respondents, to…

This modified version of an unpublished doctoral dissertation examines empirically and experientially the process of becoming a policeman. Specifically, the study documents attitude changes reported by police recruits as they moved through the series of experiences and adventures associated with their early careers. Questionnaires were…

A computerized content analysis of the "theory input" for a basic speech course was conducted. The questions to be answered were (1) What does the inexperienced basic speech student hold as a conceptual perspective of the "speech to inform" prior to his being subjected to a college speech class? and (2) How does that…

Conflicting evidence as to the presence or absence of generalization in classroom behavior modification programs prompted this study of the conditions of generalization. During the experiment, behaviors operationally defined as competitive or cooperative were reinforced in certain game situations. Then the generalization of this training over…

In this collection of papers the psychology of human behavior and performance is examined as it is revealed by the action and interaction of athletes, coaches, and physical education teachers actively engaged in competitive and noncompetitive sports. The following subjects are discussed: (1) competitive sport and personality development; (2)…

Among high school students, value orientations (indicators of societal control) significantly influenced delinquency involvement, while socioeconomic status and perception of limited opportunities (indicators of social structure) indirectly affected delinquency (through their influence on value orientations). The research supported Cernkovich's…

This history of Lancaster, a nineteenth-century reform school for poor girls, illustrates the change in reform ideology from belief in the efficacy of family-style environment to concern for protecting the social order from "hereditarily deviant" children. The role of institutions as mechanisms for social control of the poor and of women…

The author's research reveals that the presence of a responsible, interactive adult attracts more children to an area than does that of a nonresponsive, passive adult. The authors concluded that the mere presence of a "passive" adult had no impact on maintaining children's interest in a specific learning area. (Author)

Indicates that the "conduct disorder" dimension of children's behavior problems is significantly predicted by activity level in combination with impulsivity, while the "inadequacy-immaturity" dimension is predicted by activity level and soft signs of neurological damage. Finds that "personality disorder" is uncorrelated with the three predictor…

Examines how people with a high-achievement need attribute success to their ability and effort and failure to external factors such as task difficulty. Contrasts this behavior with people who have a low-achievement need. The measuring device was a multiple-choice questionnaire designed to reveal participant tendencies. (MJP)

The Adjustment Scales for Preschool Intervention (ASPI) was developed and tested for use in preschool programs serving low-income children, as a measure of emotional and behavioral adjustment problems observed within routine classroom situations. Validity of behavioral dimensions measured was supported. Dimensions of problem behaviors varied as a…

Outlines the basic principles of attachment theory and its implications for young children's social and emotional development. Applies attachment theory to children whose behaviors are especially challenging, using examples from a primary classroom in an urban setting. Asserts that sensitive teachers can build collaborative relationships. (SD)

Analyzed counseling sessions conducted by counselors (N=8) treating undergraduate and graduate student clients (N=18) to determine whether distinctive patterns of actions and acts might provide a basis for a social science of counseling psychology. Found patterns of action-act sequences that warrant further investigation. (Author/CM)

Reports on a longitudinal study of four toddlers and the relationship of the development of moral awareness to maternal communications. Concludes that a 17-18-month period is a crucial transition period and calls for research into the relationship between emotional development and moral awareness. (CFR)

Discusses an ethnographic study into the phenomenon of resistance in a middle school, focusing on seven students in seventh grade. Proposes the need to negotiate classroom life in ways that take into account individuals' backgrounds, strengths, and needs, and the need to create a place where identity and difference can exist in respectful…