Used meta-analysis to integrate and summarize the empirical research from 1966 through 1987 regarding the influence of college residence halls on the academic performance of undergraduate students in the United States. Found research did not show living in a conventional residence hall significantly influenced academic performance over living at…

Examined extent to which developmental theories of Erikson, Chickering, and Gilligan explain sex differences in autonomy and intimacy development in college students. Results from 441 college students suggest that both Gilligan's and Chickering's theories contribute to understanding of autonomy and intimacy development. Intimacy was strongest…

Investigated association between performance on tests measuring complex thinking and the impairment that may be caused by various forms of anxiety in a group of sixth- and seventh-grade students (N=55). Results indicated that low levels of both state and trait anxiety were associated moderately with high performance on measures of verbal and…

Examines the impact of one-on-one tutoring on the reading abilities of students with high listening comprehension scores. Concludes that there is no confirmation that listening comprehension is a reliable indicator of capacity level for students whose listening comprehension scores are above their expected grade placements. (RS)

Seventy-five violent/assaultive students (age 7-16) attending a specialized day-treatment facility were studied to identify psychoeducational variables differentiating between successfully or unsuccessfully mainstreamed students. Differentiating variables were: follow-up contacts with the public school, numerical ratings on an ecological measure,…

Provides brief analysis of methods for conducting research on distance education. Topics discussed include education research in general; qualitative versus quantitative research; the distinction between research and evaluation; the concept of triangulation as a research method; component research; and a conceptual framework for distance education…

Proposes that cultural and role variables within organizations will predict the extent to which individuals hold a collective or individualistic approach to organizational life. Finds that effects of participation and allocation on organizational participants is moderated by the culture of the organization and the roles individuals play within the…

Surveys 776 K-12 students from a rural Indiana school district, using various personal-attribute and personal-history inventories, to see whether students' self-concept scores correlated with their teachers' ratings of students' at-risk behaviors on the Potential Dropout Checklist. Although the personal-attribute inventories across all grade…

Individuals (n=199) with mental retardation referred for behavioral and psychiatric crisis intervention services were studied to determine attributes differentiating physically aggressive behavior from other behavioral problems. Aggression was predicted by gender, level of mental retardation, and history of previous institutional placement; the…

Baseline and heelstick measures of behavioral state, heart period, vagal tone, and salivary cortisol were obtained from 50 full-term newborns. Mothers completed Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire when the infants reached six months of age. Greater reactivity to the heelstick was associated with lower scores on the…

This paper reviews evidence that characteristics of the perceptually fluent speech of stutterers change as a function of a number of variables and that, because these variables are difficult to fully control, comparison of the characteristics of the perceptually fluent speech of stutterers and nonstutterers as a method of studying stuttering…

In 2 studies, 200 mothers of 3-year-old boys and 87 mothers of 4- to 6-year-old boys completed measures of marital functioning and child behavior. Results indicated that parental child-rearing disagreements correlated with children's behavior problems and predicted a greater variety of behavior problems than did global marital adjustment. (BC)

Conceptual rationales from five research contexts are presented, which all posit unmeasured variables that interact with observed independent variables to produce a complete model of the dependent variable. Strategies for overcoming related difficulties are outlined, including increased longitudinal assessment, oversampling of levels of…

Surveyed African-American college student athletes (n=136) to examine cognitive and noncognitive variables as predictors of academic success. Examined demographic data sheets, responses to Non-Cognitive Questionnaire, decile class rank, Scholastic Aptitude Test scores, and college transcript data on respondents. Findings suggest the use of…

Finds that lexical level in a second language (L2) is a better predictor of reading in L2 that the learners' general ability, predicting certain failure (when the learner's lexical level is lower than 3,000 word families), or certain success (when the level is over 5,000). (SR)