The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of self-efficacy in older adults, with physical activity, age, and sex as the predictor variables. Regression analyses revealed physical activity to be the only statistically significant predictor of self-efficacy. These findings may be of interest to counselors who work with older people.…

Explores the relationship between couples' stable personality variables associated with interpersonal competencies and marital satisfaction with conflict resolution style as the mediating factor. Results indicate strong mediational effects across time. The relationship personality variables correspond closely with conflict resolution styles, which…

This study identified characteristics of girls likely to have positive medical findings for child sexual-abuse. Females who were suspected to be child sexual abuse victims (n=1,456) were medically evaluated. Associations were found between positive findings of trauma and age and a history of sexual contact. A prediction model for suspected victims…

Finnish job seekers (n=559) were followed up after 1 year (n=401) after 84.3% participated in guidance courses, subsidized employment, vocational training, or some combination. Guidance courses enhanced reemployment. None of the interventions increased job-seeking activity. Training temporarily decreased psychological distress. Deteriorating…

This review of the literature on the relationship between domestic violence and adolescent aggression focuses on the added risks to the normative stresses of adolescence when the adolescent's family is characterized by conflict, the role of the family in the child's development of social competence, and warning signs of children affected by…

A study of 57 Australian children (ages 6-7) found that children who experienced a recurrent event were more accurate about details that remained constant across events in comparison with children who experienced the event only once. They also produced more responses to both free recall and to general questions. (CR)

Latina adolescent mothers were videotaped at home interacting with their children and interviewed regarding their social support. Consistent with existing models, mothers who reported greater overall social support were more expressive across three observation tasks and more sensitive during unstructured play; in contrast, specific aspects of…

Participants in weekly (spaced practice, n=45) and residential (massed practice, n=55) labor education classes were pretested for cognitive ability and learning goal orientation. After training, declarative knowledge and task-specific self-efficacy were measured. Individuals with high learning goal orientation performed better in the massed rather…

Examined longitudinal community data to test whether body-image and eating disturbances partially explain increased depression in adolescent girls. Found that initial pressure to be thin, thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, and bulimic symptoms predicted subsequent increased depressive symptoms. There was also prospective…

Examined interaction of preschoolers' manageability problems and maternal discipline for predicting 10-year-old boys' antisocial behavior. Found that maternal retrospective perceptions of unmanageability predicted observed maternal discipline practices. Level of temper tantrums interacted with maternal discipline in predicting change in teacher…

Examined selected predictor variables from baseline 1988 wave of data, taken from the National Education Longitudinal Study, in relation to pregnancy status. Results indicated statistically significant difference in locus of control between those females who became pregnant later in adolescence (external) and those who did not (internal).…

Presents a review and counseling implications for an article titled "Witnessing Parental Violence as a Traumatic Experience Shaping the Abusive Personality" by Donald Dutton (2000). Dutton contends that the early combination of witnessing or directly experiencing violence, shaming, and insecure attachment contributes to the development…

This paper examines the relationship between nonmarital cohabitation and routine exchanges of support between American adults aged 19-30 (N = 3,809) and their aging parents, using data drawn from the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households. Cohabiting young adults were found to be significantly less likely to be exchanging…

The present study examined the relation between perceived justice and trust within family relationships and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Data were gathered from the father, the mother, and two of their adolescent children in 288 families. The social relations model was used to assess perceived justice and trust at…

In this study, 126 children were observed at 6 months, 12 months, and 2 years. During infancy, latencies to reach for novel objects were measured. At 2 years, positive and negative affect, and behavioral approach-inhibition to low- and high-intensity situations were coded, and mothers assessed behavior problems. Confirmatory factor analysis…