A theoretical model is proposed of the relationships between specific academic enablers (motivation, interpersonal skills, engagement, and study skills) and academic achievement. The results of these modeling analyses indicate that prior achievement and interpersonal skills influence motivation, which in turn influences study skills and engagement…

Tested prefrontal and hippocampal functions in school-aged individuals with Down syndrome (DS) compared functions with those of typically developing children individually matched on mental age. Found that hippocampal and prefrontal composite scores contributed unique variance to the prediction of mental age and adaptive behavior. Noted a…

Study examines the relationship between sexual orientation and youth suicide risk. The suicide risk demonstrated by sexual minorities in this study was no greater than that of their heterosexual peers. Youth who reported more external support demonstrated lower overall suicide risk and, specifically, lower levels of hostility, hopelessness, and…

Interviews 36 community college faculty and administrators, and examined leadership beliefs and contextual conditions that affect diverse perspectives. Results suggest that individuals' positionalities (by gender, race, ethnicity, role within the institution, discipline or field of study, among other characteristics) appear to be related to…

Demonstrates the wide variability among children learning to read and explores the consequences of this variability for reading instruction. Shares some examples to demonstrate that variability. Demonstrates what happens when very different children read identical text. Describes a way to organize classrooms that will better accommodate the…

Assesses the predictability of two client employment outcomes from personal background information, counselor-rated functional limitations of the client, and rehabilitation services provided. Results indicated that rehabilitation education programs should put more emphasis on training in job placement activities and rehabilitation counselors…

Discusses hypotheses that connect assessments of competence to an actor's goal achievement and sensitivity to the partner's goal. Analyzes both actor and partner assessments of the actor sensitivity and conflict strategies. Concludes that sensitivity to the partner's goals was a strong predictor of competence assessments and that actor goal…

Examines relationships between family environment, discrepancies between the "actual" and the "desirable" environment, and children's test and trait anxiety. Main findings reveal that children's levels of anxiety were negatively correlated with dimensions of family environment and positively correlated with discrepancy between…

A survey of 408 elementary school principals found about 1 in 5 had positive attitudes toward inclusion while most were uncertain. Positive experiences with students with disabilities and exposure to special education concepts were associated with positive attitudes toward inclusion and more positive attitudes were related to less restrictive…

Examines a care pathway guideline developed to ensure consistency in the evaluation and treatment offered when domestic violence is identified in the course of screening and counseling. Provides a summary of at-risk factors counselors should recognize in screening for abuse, a syndrome often associated with domestic violence, and the physical and…

Examines the relationship between school norms of substance use disapproval and students' use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Analysis indicated that in general, school-level disapproval lowered the probability of students' use of these substances. A school environment of disapproval was also found to create a protective environment for…

Examines self-reported response distortion in adolescents who received a brief intervention to reduce their smoking. Findings indicate that age and ethnicity of respondent may influence reported response distortion. Factors that appear to influence under- and over-reporting include social desirability and fear of repercussion. (Contains 30…

Details language, memory, and reading information gathered for a five year follow up study of 30 children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Concludes that early learning skills may be significant predictors of mean length of utterance five years later. (PM)

Reiterates hypothesis that there are two routes from onset and rime awareness to reading: one indirect and one direct. Asserts that the evidence that Hulme et al. present against the hypothesis is not convincing, partly because the hypothesis predicts most of the Hulme et al. results and partly because of weaknesses in the design of Hulme et al.'s…

Through analysis of 2 learning-style tests given to 79 medical students at the University of Nevada School of Medicine, it was concluded that learning inventory tests are not good predictors of academic performance. Better test instructions or published standardized norms would make these tests better predictors. (GLR)