Presents two studies of the influence of group size, prior acquaintance, and gender composition on talking and silence in decision making groups (N=157). Results suggested that friends talked more than strangers, and leaders talked more than nonleaders. Group differences were reflected more dramatically in patterns of silence. (JAC)

Reviews literature on member characteristics and conditions that increase the likelihood of group participation. Describes positive consequences of small group participation and antecedents to participation including attitudes, atmosphere, leader characteristics, expectations, and group structure. (JAC)

Used five national surveys to investigate the relationship between attitudes toward extramarital sexual relations and a group of predictor variables. Results indicated that size of community was strongly and directly related to extramarital attitudes, along with premarital sexual permissiveness, level of education, and marital happiness/status.…

A study of public school teachers in Iowa assessed their interest and involvement in participatory decision making at the classroom, building, and district levels. The strongest correlations found linked the teacher's sex and the educational level at which they taught with the types of participation in which they were involved. (PGD)

A survey of one-third of Pennsylvania's school district superintendents and of the firms that conducted the mandated independent audits of their districts provided data revealing variables that accounted for differences in auditing costs among districts, suggesting factors that school business officials might consider when seeking cost reductions.…

Examined preference of five long-term care arrangements among 1,240 older adults. Respondents most frequently preferred care from relatives or employees in their own homes, and selected moving into relatives' homes least often. Marital status, income, race, and availability of informal support were significantly associated some arrangement…

The study reported here assessed the contribution of short-term memory to differences in standardized listening scores for each of five types of auditory input. Memory for syntactically arranged words proved to be the best predictor of listening skill in this battery of tests. (SED)

Evaluates the relative contribution of a number of child characteristics to the prediction of social acceptance. Predictor variables included positive social interactions, occupied behavior when not interacting, mental age, chronological age, and sex. Results supported the efficacy of helping social isolates to interact positively with peers.…

Investigated predictors of success in organic chemistry and how well freshmen chemistry predicts grades in other science courses (biology and physics) and success in entering medical school. Subjects were 254 freshman enrolling in freshman chemistry at Columbia College (the all-male undergraduate division of Columbia University) in 1978. (JN)

Examines generally high life satisfaction of 58 elderly reservation American Indians and its relationship to selected internal and external environmental factors. Suggests that internal environmental variables may be useful indicators of life satisfaction and that subjective measures of life satisfaction may be more predictive of mental health…

Examined predictors of college students' school-to-work transition difficulty, level of occupational knowledge, and crystallization of vocational self-concept. Occupational knowledge predicted whether students received at least one job offer before graduation and the total number of offers. Self-concept crystallization predicted at least one…

Descriptions varying sex and sex role of job applicants were rated by 605 respondents for suitability for four sex-typed jobs. Results show sex role by job type interaction. A pattern in which sex roles and sex complement each other is noted and interpreted in the context of the positive perception of androgynous applicants in sex role literature.…

Delineates the adjustment problems children experienced as a result of their separation from the father and identifies the predicting variables affecting successful adjustment to father's incarceration. Ability of the children to adjust successfully to father's imprisonment was related to familial and personal resources of the mother and to the…

Focuses on consulting with teachers about using school-based interventions for control and prevention of learning and adjustment problems. Describes four factors that have been linked to teachers' decisions to utilize and to continue utilizing an intervention: effectiveness, time and resources required, theoretical orientation of the intervention,…

Examined variables thought to affect handicapped college students' extracurricular activities: projection of negative feelings, substitution of time, prior experience in activities, and severity of handicap. Results indicated the independent variables did not demonstrate any significant relationship to the dependent variable. (Author/ABB)