Improving code while preserving its functionality is a common task in the hi-tech industry. Yet students have difficulties improving an algorithm's run-time complexity by an order of magnitude. The paper focuses on assessing students' abilities in this area. We designed a Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) taxonomy, using software…

Understanding the processes in education, such as the student learning behavior within a specific course, is a key to continuous course improvement. In online learning systems, students' learning can be tracked and examined based on data collected by the systems themselves. However, it is non-trivial to decide how to extract the desired students'…

In education, we have noticed a significant gap between the ability of students to program in an educational visual programming environment and the ability to write code in a professional programming environment. The aim of our research was to verify the methodology of transition from visual programming of mobile applications in MIT App Inventor 2…

When text datasets are very large, manually coding line by line becomes impractical. As a result, researchers sometimes try to use machine learning algorithms to automatically code text data. One of the most popular algorithms is topic modeling. For a given text dataset, a topic model provides probability distributions of words for a set of…

Florida's high school graduation rate is based on the percentage of students who graduated with a standard diploma within four years of their first full year of enrollment in ninth grade in the state. However, adjustments are made to this cohort over time to: (1) add incoming transfer students based on their grade level and year of entry; (2)…

Our goal was to study the impact of coding on preschoolers' math abilities and to analyze their coding behaviors. Participants were six preschoolers, four years of age, from a play-based accredited program. We measured their Math abilities using TEAM and observed their coding behaviors with a structured instrument. Children used a robotic toy to…

The 21st century has seen a rapid growth in technological use in schools. Many schools now use computers and other digital devices in order to meet the academic needs of their students. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the benefits and barriers that K-8 educators experienced when integrating or teaching coding curriculum in…

The main aim of this study is to build a new observational coding system for sibling interactions (Sistema de Codificación de Interacciones entre Hermanos -- SCIH) and to analyze its psychometric properties and validity. First, this study offers the first Spanish adaptation of a self-report questionnaire to measure sibling relationships that…

This research aims to design a sample Arduino-assisted robotics and coding activity in accordance with the 5E instructional model. Also, it aims to set an example for how technology is integrated into science courses, especially in the structuring of abstract and hard-to-understand concepts in science teaching. The activity provides guidance to…

This study explores how children from two to nine years of age develop Computational Thinking (CT) skills. The term "CT" denotes a set of cognitive processes that are useful for framing and solving problems using computers and other information processing agents. Acquisition of CT skills is traditionally associated with learning to code…

The drive in computational methods and more intuitive software has seen a rise in the number of publications in this area in recent years. Computational simulations can be found in many areas of science from computational biology and chemistry to fundamental physics. These may help synthetic chemists in their drug discovery endeavors and…

Virtual resources team up to create a computational grid, which is used in computation-intensive problem solving. A majority of these problems require high performance resources to compute and generate results, making grid computation another type of high performance computing. The optimization in computational grids relates to resource…

This study aimed to identify and rank the serious game fidelity themes that should be considered for retaining both the learning potential and predicted market growth of serious games. The authors also investigated existing links between fidelity and AI. The methodology unraveled serious game fidelity through the co-development of a theory- and…

Emotion regulation is a key developmental skillset, but many existing measures rely on self-report or laboratory-based measurement approaches. This study aimed to develop a training and implementation protocol for the widely used Facial Expression Coding System (FACES) to be used in real-world settings with pre-recorded video data. A revised…

This paper presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of fifty-seven studies on Distributed Pair Programming (DPP) in higher education, identifying which studies investigated factors on the effectiveness of DPP as a method for learning programming, factors related to mediating and stimulating interactions between students, the…