Neural correlates of social-cognition were assessed in 9- to- 17-year-olds (N = 34) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants appraised how unfamiliar peers they had previously identified as being of high or low interest would evaluate them for an anticipated online chat session. Differential age- and sex-related activation…

The founding fathers of the new Jewish community in "Eretz Yisrael" (the Land of Israel, or Palestine) as well as many philosophers, public figures, educators and authors both in Israel and in the Diaspora were preoccupied with the image of the new Israeli Hebrew. The educational system was seen as an instrument to create the "new…

Something wicked is being chased out of the classrooms and hallways at a high school in Massachusetts, something prevalent in schools across the globe: bullying. For generations, victims have carried invisible scars or nursed open wounds. Concerns related to bullying have been confirmed by extensive research over the past decade, including…

Background: Challenging behaviours in people with an intellectual disability (ID) often develop early and tend to persist throughout life. This study presents data on the chronicity of challenging behaviours in adults with ID over a period of 11 years, and explores the characteristics of people with persistent serious behaviour problems. Method:…

The main purpose of this study is to investigate devotion to democratic values and conflict resolution abilities of elementary school students. In the direction of this general purpose, the level of the students' devotion to democratic values and conflict resolution abilities were investigated by the Devotion to Democratic Values Scale (DDVS) and…

The impact of countervailing social network influences (i.e., pro-social, anti-social or HIV risk peers) on problem behaviors (i.e., HIV drug risk, HIV sex risk or anti-social behaviors) among 696 homeless youth was assessed using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that older youth were less likely to report having pro-social peers and…

Objective: The study was to examine nonverbal communication in young children with autism. Methods: The participants were 23 young children with autism (mean CA = 32.79 months), 23 CA and MA-matched children with developmental delay and 22 18-20-month-old, and 22 13-15-month-old typically developing toddlers and infants. The abbreviated Early…

Despite public recognition of the hazards of 21st birthday drinking, there is little empirical information concerning its prevalence, severity, and risk factors. Data from a sample of 2,518 college students suggest that 21st birthday drinking poses an extreme danger: (a) 4 of every 5 participants (83%) reported drinking to celebrate, (b) birthday…

This annotated bibliography was developed to help researchers work more effectively and efficiently in their study of heterosocial competency. An introductory section defines heterosocial skills as those skills related to beginning, carrying on, and concluding social interactions with members of the opposite sex. It notes that heterosocial…

Research and development to evaluate the utility of the PLATO IV computer system to train socially related leadership behaviors. (DAG)

Two experiments were conducted to test effects of infants' ability to locomote on their social and exploratory behaviors. Results indicated that walker-assisted or independent locomotion afforded similar experiences within a standard environment but experiences quite different from those of the nonlocomoting infant. (Author/RH)

Depressed (N=20) and nondepressed outpatients (N=20) and normal controls (N=20) rated the frequency with which they used various interpersonal behaviors in different social roles and emotional circumstances. Results showed that the three subject groups displayed similar patterns. This contradicts an invariant, trait-like interpersonal style among…

Ten-month-old infants in an unfamiliar environment with their mothers were left free to approach and touch a distant, unfamiliar object-a person or a toy. Results suggest that looking at persons constitutes exploratory behavior whereas touching and manipulating served this function with inanimate objects. (CS)

Sketches a model which considers society a teacher which instructs like an operant box..." The author contends that the family, the school, the play group, the adolescent gang, the office, the prison, the mental hospital, each reward, instruct and control the individual who learns by operant means what the institution teaches." (Author/AL)