Using ethnographic observations of classroom interaction in three primary schools, determinants of teachers' language choice and codeswitching among English, Swahili, and mother-tongue were explored: official school policy, cognitive concerns, classroom management concerns, values and attitudes about societal multilingualism. (36 references)…

Discusses the institutional and organizational environment of schools of choice in the public sector, focusing on the role of the principal. The principal's leadership role is that of middle manager, entrepreneur responsible for attracting and holding parents and students, and symbol manager, responsible for developing an organizational…

Discusses virtual reality (VR) technology and its possible uses in military training, medical education, industrial design and development, the media industry, and education. Three primary applications of VR in the learning process--visualization, simulation, and construction of virtual worlds--are described, and pedagogical and moral issues are…

An understanding of developmental psychology should be the basis of school reform. How students grow and learn is the obvious focal point for efforts to establish improvement policies. Experiences in creating a climate in inner-city schools that supports development are described. (SLD)

Evaluation of a graduate course in educational research, within a professional development for teachers, is discussed. The course was modularized and taught in varied contexts and locations and by different instructors overseas, is discussed. Issues arising during the development of a course evaluation instrument are examined, and development of…

Teacher education structure and content must be addressed if national and international cultural understanding is to be promoted. This article, which focuses primarily on teacher education in Norway and other European countries, discusses culture in teacher education; determining conditions; and how culture should be used to transfer knowledge,…

Describes the Saturn School of Tomorrow, which was developed in the St. Paul (Minnesota) Public Schools to incorporate current technology into instruction for grades four through eight. Topics discussed include building design; Personal Growth Plans; the use of integrated learning systems (ILS) for individualized learning; group interaction;…

Emphasizes the importance of developing an Aboriginal form of education by Aboriginal teachers. Expresses concern that the western bureaucratic educational system will not permit a suitable Aboriginal system to develop. Describes the Deakin-Batchelor Teacher Education Program as an example of action research in Aboriginal teacher education.…

The apprenticeship model can be adapted to teaching and learning cognitive skills in reading, writing, and mathematics, as illustrated by three successful examples. A cognitive apprenticeship framework is presented for the design of learning environments incorporating content taught, pedagogical methods, sequencing of learning activities, and…

Compares school, classroom, and student level data for matched pairs of high- and low-achieving rural schools and matched pairs of urban schools. Finds that organizational and interpersonal processes sustaining effective schools vary by rural/urban context. Includes three longitudinal case studies of rural schools. Contains 26 references. (SV)

Interview data from 40 inner-city seventh graders challenge the stereotype that adolescents' peer conflicts (APCs) are senseless, wasteful, and destructive. Rather, these conflicts raise important micropolitical concerns about power, conflict, coalition, and policy. APCs can increase the relevance of education, play an important role in social…

Reports on a survey of preservice teachers regarding their perceptions of gender and ethnic disparity in academic achievement. Most of the subjects recognized the ways that society and school contribute to gender disparities, and over half mentioned society and school as factors contributing to ethnic disparities. (SM)

Provides an explanation of the notion of fit and the role it can play in the assessment of principals; examines a theoretical basis for the notion of fit; uses cases of principals who experienced problems to illustrate the multidimensional nature of fit; discusses fit and literature on role theory. (GLR)

Examines a model and provides possible causal explanations for the increasing number of acts of racial violence, the rise of racism on college campuses, and the attendant implications for public policy. Causes for increased racial violence are complex and can be outlined in the Holistic Model of Ethnoviolence. (JB)

Explores relationships among school contextual indicators, principal leadership, and student achievement outcomes through a survey of 156 secondary school teachers in 26 Singapore schools. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical significance for the study of principal's leadership and the ways it influences outcomes of…