Summarizes research projects on infant behavior conducted during the 1960's and includes an extensive list of references. (AJ)

Results of this study indicate that learning occurred only under immediate reinforcement and that there was no developmental trend in the ability to withstand the detrimental effects of delayed reinforcement. (WY)

Brief comment on article by Ray E. Hosford in same issue. (CJ)

Research supported by Research Grant MH-12854-02.

One mildly and two borderline mentally retarded children (10 to 12 years old) were treated for spelling deficits using either overcorrection or overcorrection plus reinforcement. Overcorrection with reinforcement proved to be more effective than overcorrection alone for two of the three children. (Author)

Both the directions and the directions plus reinforcement groups increased subjects' time on the task during the experimental phases. When extrinsic reinforcement and directions were removed, they maintained intrinsically motivated behaviors at levels significantly above levels observed during the baseline phase and significantly higher than the…

It is through the selection of responses that are to serve as the organism's guests that many of the organism's characteristics and outcomes are determined. (MS)

This study assessed the adequacy of Gewirtz's interpretation of vicarious reinforcement and examined the development of responsiveness to vicarious reinforcement in an experiment in which 98 children (21/2-5 years) performed a discrimination problem while being exposed to a model who was either rewarded or punished on each trial. (SB)

Explains a simple classroom demonstration of the modern view of classical conditioning. Suggests that the exercise is a useful demonstration of the view that classical conditioning helps prepare an organism for an upcoming event. Argues that the demonstration can show students that classical conditioning is broader and more intriguing than…

In this article, the author shares an anecdote demonstrating one-trial learning which is commonplace in human behavior. The demonstration suggests that under some conditions, when people hear someone speak, their behavior changes, even in the absence of an apparent contingency of reinforcement, but only if they have in their repertoire verbal…

Behavioral interventions based on operant principles are commonly attempted to manage agitation in older adults with dementia. The extent to which operant conditioning can occur in persons with particular dementias, however, is unclear. The present study involved use of a button-pressing task to evaluate the sensitivity of the responding of older…