Everything begins with subjective states,'' is the basic position of Phenomenology, and only through subjectivity can ultimate reality be reached. Behaviorism, on the contrary, sees mind'' as part of the material world and behavior as determining man's essence. Change is attained by altering behavior which leads to changes in attitudes. The best…

Two disruptive adult behaviors, arriving late to class and not remaining in class, were significantly changed by changes in the reward structure. Implications are considered for the use of behavior modification approaches in designing more effective learning environments for disadvantaged adults. (Author/AG)

This study examined the effects of individual and interdependent reinforcement contingencies on two social behaviors (talking out and out-of-seat behavior) during English and Mathematics classes. Under the individual contingency a student was individually reinforced for his own lack of bad behaviors by free time; under the interdependent…

Studied was the relationship between self-destructive behavior, skin conductance, and punishment in a 7-year old, severely disturbed and mentally handicapped girl. (Author/DB)

Article was designed to investigate the effects of training in behavior modification upon the classroom responses of a group of student teachers and to investigate the effects of this special training on the self-concept of the student teachers during the student teaching experience. (Author/RK)

The relative power of symbolically conveyed adult and peer models to modify children's moral choice behavior was examined. The adult model was more influential than the peer model, although the latter was more influential than no model. (Author/KM)

Considers developments in art education and the way social currents influence its practice. (RK)

Author uses Hamlet as a model to show students the changes that must be coped with even if on a scale different than Hamlet's. (GB)

A case study is presented through which a counselor in the role of teacher consultant, shares guidelines, methods and procedures that facilitated change in the classroom behavior of an elementary school teacher. The methods were based on the contingency management principles of positive consequences and the sequential steps of behavioral control…

Feedback procedures were used on two different wards at a state hospital for the retarded to increase the number of behavior modification projects completed each day by 22 staff members. (Author)

Forty habitual smokers were assigned to one of four treatment groups: warm, smoky air plus rapid smoking; warm, smoky air only; rapid smoking only; an attention-placebo control group. The three aversion groups were quite similar and, taken together, were smoking less at the six-month follow-up than the controls. (Author)

A model combining a behavioural approach with Reality Therapy was used effectively in controlling a group of behaviour problems in the classroom. In this design the children earned and/or lost certain rewards depending on their daily classroom behaviour. Some difficulties that may arise, and suggested solutions to these, are discussed. (Author)