A THEORETICAL PARADIGM FOR ANALYZING THE DYNAMICS OF TASK AND PROCESS COMPONENTS OF GROUP LIFE AS THEY ARE RELATED TO THE MANIFOLD FORCES OPERATIVE IN THE CLASSROOM IS PRESENTED. PUPILS ARE VIEWED AS MEMBERS OF A PREDOMINANTLY WORK-ORIENTED CULTURE--THE CLASSROOM. WITHIN THIS CULTURE, TWO KINDS OF CONFLICT-PRODUCING DEMANDS TO WHICH PUPILS MUST…

This study involved the identification of factors associated with major organizational changes in public schools as affected by collective bargaining. The goal was to replicate Whyte's 1951 study of private sector organizational change to determine whether similar patterns existed in public sector organizational behavior. The study used Whyte's…

This paper holds that the outcomes of formal procedures between low-status groups and those in authority over them are largely symbolic or marginal in character. Language and gestures are said to define the involvement of these groups with authorities either as joint participation in policy making or as conflict. Whether a political action is…

This paper was presented at a symposium bringing together persons with experience and expertise associated with organizational development in schools. The Improving Teaching Competencies Program at the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory has been developing 15 sets of training materials to be used in organizational improvement strategies…

Because grievances are unavoidable, it is essential for organizations, such as the schools, to utilize an efficient, effective procedure to handle friction between employers and employees. Through successive steps, representatives of labor and management attempt to resolve the grievance, first with meetings of lower level representatives (such as…

This publication is one of two related volumes that were produced as part of an interdisciplinary effort at the University of Pennsylvania by the School of Social Work and the Wharton School to develop a joint educational program in social welfare management. This particular volume contains the syllabi and course outlines of six proposed classes…

Community, organizational, and interpersonal conflict must be considered by those concerned with being active and effective participants in the process of planning for change in their communities. Each of these three kinds of conflict is given a section in this selected bibliography. In each section entries are listed under two headings:…

This paper presents an overview of teacher strikes from the perspective of school administrators and presents guidelines for the actions of principals, superintendents, and school board members before, during, and after a strike. Included are recommendations for estimating the dollar value of teacher salaries and fringe benefits, planning and…

This study examines the possible relationship between principals' administrative behaviors and pupil reading achievement. Administrative interns assigned to 40 New York City schools during the 1973-74 school year observed principals' decision-making behaviors over a continuous period of 40 school days. Principals' behaviors were described in terms…

The purpose of this paper is to inquire into the impact of the new social studies (NSS) as percieved by social studies methods teachers. They agree with many of the values of the NSS and the curriculum projects (which they tend to equate), but they want the developmental role shifted from the projects to the teachers. They see the NSS as overly…

The basis for developing vital, team-like characteristics in contemporary pluralistic America lies in the understanding and building of new interpersonal norms and skills. The new norms accept human collaboration and human diversity as basic facts for problemsolving, survival, and growth. These norms support the intent that interpersonal and…

Urban environments are characterized by crowding, heterogeneous groups, disparities in opportunity between inner city and suburbia, concentrated hostility, complexity in organizational communication factors, depersonalization, dependence on mass communication, and high interdependence requiring balancing of conflicting goals. While communication…

The information contained in this report is intended for the "Sesame Street" writers who are assigned the task of creating program material in the interpersonal area. This information will also be useful for evaluation of program materials aimed at interpersonal goals. First, a list of interpersonal strategies is presented; these are:…

This paper discusses the characteristics and operation of an evaluation process -- transactional evaluation. Concentrating on the effects change has on those effecting the change, transactional evaluation stresses incorporation of both protagonists and antagonists into a change-oriented team. A copy of an evaluation questionnaire is included. (DLG)

Some critical observers of schools despair of enduring and constructive change. Challenging the rhetoric of despair about change in school, the book is based on the hypothesis that schools, under certain conditions, can become much more vital and change-oriented than they currently are. The book begins by describing elements of educational reform…