The literature of antonymy, though disjointed and inconclusive, has found that opposition is important to development, learning, psychological health, and creativity. To investigate the role of dialectics in cognitive processes and human learning, four empirical studies were undertaken. In study one, to investigate the dialectic process in…

In; the past 3 years there has been a resurgence of interest in learning styles as applied to education generally and to professions education in particular. For all this activity there are difficulties preventing significant progress. Chief among these is the bewildering confusion of definitions surrounding learning style conceptualization, and…

The benefit of note taking appeared to be derived from having an opportunity to subsequently review notes, and not from the act of note taking itself. Encoding differences as a function of note taking were minimal, while the external storage function assumed primary importance. (Author/BJG)

First graders who had been exposed to the Child-Structured Learning in Science curriculum (CSLS) were compared according to their achievement on a cognitive test instrument to two groups who had not had the CSLS treatment. Results revealed that a greater percentage of children in the CSLS treatment group performed on a concrete-operational level,…

Piaget's observations of children dealing with the concept of coordinate systems are applied to the evaluation of teachers. An assessment instrument has been developed at UCLA which utilizes two sets of principles in the establishment of coordinate axes: a) incremental elements of a learning task; and b) principles of learning. (HMD)

An examination of the extent to which adults and children (7 and 11 years old) were able to make discriminations between fixations directed at their eyes and at different positions on their faces. (SDH)

Basic ideas of reinforcement may be more easily applied in the classroom if three common teacher errors: noncontingent reinforcement, ambiguity of rules, and restriction of earnings, are avoided. (Author/SDH)

Motivational variables associated with second language acquisition are discussed. (Author/PMP)

The assumptions underlying the two common approaches to composition instruction are examined. (JH)

Cognitive factors related to problem solving have been explored, but affective factors also play an important role in the teaching of mathematical problem solving. This paper outlines the theories of George Mandler and Bernard Weiner, providing a useful background for research related to affect and problem solving. Data related to the two theories…

The paper describes approaches used to assess preverbal or nonverbal orthopedically handicapped infants. The first section describes a conceptual approach to development that differs from the normative approach. The conceptual development model emphasizes developmental structures rather than successive cumulative acquisitions of behavior. This…

A discussion of Stephen Krashen's Monitor Theory (1982) of second language acquisition examines five main hypotheses: the acquisition-learning distinction, the natural order hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the input hypothesis, and the affective filter hypothesis. Several problematic elements of the theory are pointed out. The discussion…

Regardless of ambiguous feelings about using microcomputers in schools, it is likely that education will remain substantially the same with their widespread use. The microcomputer will modify the way some skills are taught, but the need to teach the skills will remain. Most contemporary critiques of using microcomputers in the classroom are…

The focus of this paper is on cognitive science as a model for understanding the application of human skills toward effective problem-solving. Sections include: (1) "Introduction" (discussing information processing framework, expert-novice distinctions, schema theory, and learning process); (2) "Application: The Expert-Novice…

Learning style theorists have advanced several distinct definitions of learning style and have proposed diagnostic procedures and instructional practices based on these definitions. Practitioners could benefit by being able to draw on the full range of these conceptions, but the conditions of dissemination discourage theorists from drawing…