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MacLean, Mary H.; Arnell, Karen M.; Cote, Kimberly A. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Accuracy for a second target (T2) is reduced when it is presented within 500 ms of a first target (T1) in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP)--an attentional blink (AB). There are reliable individual differences in the magnitude of the AB. Recent evidence has shown that the attentional approach that an individual typically adopts during a…
Descriptors: Evidence, Individual Differences, Attention, Eye Movements
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Johansson, Roger; Holmqvist, Kenneth; Mossberg, Frans; Lindgren, Magnus – Psychology of Music, 2012
In the present study 24 university students read four different texts in four conditions: (1) while listening to music they preferred to listen to while studying; (2) while listening to music they did not prefer to listen to while studying; (3) while listening to a recording of noise from a cafe; and finally (4) in silence. After each text they…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Habits, Music, Eye Movements
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Belacchi, Carmen; Cubelli, Roberto – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2012
The study aimed at investigating the role of nominal gender in animal categorization in preschoolers. Given the regularities characterizing gender system, at both syntactical and morphological level, Italian language is suitable to address this issue. In three experiments, participants were asked to classify pictures of animals as male or female.…
Descriptors: Animals, Speech Communication, Semantics, Form Classes (Languages)
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Thoresen, John C.; Vuong, Quoc C.; Atkinson, Anthony P. – Cognition, 2012
Personality trait attribution can underpin important social decisions and yet requires little effort; even a brief exposure to a photograph can generate lasting impressions. Body movement is a channel readily available to observers and allows judgements to be made when facial and body appearances are less visible; e.g., from great distances.…
Descriptors: Evidence, Personality Traits, Photography, Cues
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Mihov, Yoan; Hurlemann, Rene – Neuropsychologia, 2012
More than 5 million deaths a year are attributable to tobacco smoking, making it the largest single cause of preventable death worldwide. The primary addictive component in tobacco is nicotine. Its addictive power is exemplified by the fact that by far most attempts to quit smoking fail. It is therefore mandatory to understand the biological…
Descriptors: Evidence, Substance Abuse, Smoking, Research Methodology
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Reel, Leigh Ann; Hicks, Candace Bourland – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2012
Purpose: The authors assessed adult selective auditory attention to determine effects of (a) differences between the vocal/speaking characteristics of different mixed-gender pairs of masking talkers and (b) the rhythmic structure of the language of the competing speech. Method: Reception thresholds for English sentences were measured for 50…
Descriptors: Sentences, Speech Communication, Syllables, Monolingualism
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Rahko, Jukka S.; Paakki, Jyri-Johan; Starck, Tuomo H.; Nikkinen, Juha; Pauls, David L.; Katsyri, Jari V.; Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira M.; Carter, Alice S.; Hurtig, Tuula M.; Mattila, Marja-Leena; Jussila, Katja K.; Remes, Jukka J.; Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna A.; Sams, Mikko E.; Bolte, Sven; Ebeling, Hanna E.; Moilanen, Irma K.; Tervonen, Osmo; Kiviniemi, Vesa – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012
FMRI was performed with the dynamic facial expressions fear and happiness. This was done to detect differences in valence processing between 25 subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 27 typically developing controls. Valence scaling was abnormal in ASDs. Positive valence induces lower deactivation and abnormally strong activity in ASD…
Descriptors: Autism, Scaling, Diagnostic Tests, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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Gabay, Shai; Chica, Ana B.; Charras, Pom; Funes, Maria J.; Henik, Avishai – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Inhibition of return (IOR) is modulated by task set and appears later in discrimination tasks than in detection tasks. Several hypotheses have been suggested to account for this difference. We tested three of these hypotheses in two experiments by examining the influence of cue and target level of processing on the onset of IOR. In the first…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Visual Discrimination, Visual Stimuli, Inhibition
Boers, Frank; Lindstromberg, Seth; Eyckmans, June – RELC Journal: A Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2012
Lindstromberg and Boers (2008a, 2008b) have reported experiments with adult learners of English which revealed a comparative mnemonic advantage afforded by word combinations that display sound patterns such as alliteration ("green grass") and assonance ("home phone"). These findings are relevant for TESOL, given the fact that English phraseology…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Mnemonics, English (Second Language), Teaching Methods
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Moul, Caroline; Killcross, Simon; Dadds, Mark R. – Psychological Review, 2012
This article introduces a novel hypothesis regarding amygdala function in psychopathy. The first part of this article introduces the concept of psychopathy and describes the main cognitive and affective impairments demonstrated by this population; that is, a deficit in fear-recognition, lower conditioned fear responses and poor performance in…
Descriptors: Fear, Comparative Analysis, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Psychopathology
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Johnson, Cheryl I.; Mayer, Richard E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2012
In three studies, eye movements of participants were recorded while they viewed a single-slide multimedia presentation about how car brakes work. Some of the participants saw an integrated presentation in which each segment of words was presented near its corresponding area of the diagram (integrated group, Experiments 1 and 3) or an integrated…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Literary Genres, Human Body, Scores
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Wagemans, Johan; Feldman, Jacob; Gepshtein, Sergei; Kimchi, Ruth; Pomerantz, James R.; van der Helm, Peter A.; van Leeuwen, Cees – Psychological Bulletin, 2012
Our first review article (Wagemans et al., 2012) on the occasion of the centennial anniversary of Gestalt psychology focused on perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization. It concluded that further progress requires a reconsideration of the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the Gestalt approach, which is provided here. In…
Descriptors: Brain, Stimulation, Psychology, Science Instruction
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Poppenk, Jordan; Norman, Kenneth A. – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Recent cognitive research has revealed better source memory performance for familiar relative to novel stimuli. Here we consider two possible explanations for this finding. The source memory advantage for familiar stimuli could arise because stimulus novelty induces attention to stimulus features at the expense of contextual processing, resulting…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Proverbs, Stimuli, Probability
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Rice, Katherine; Moriuchi, Jennifer M.; Jones, Warren; Klin, Ami – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: To examine patterns of variability in social visual engagement and their relationship to standardized measures of social disability in a heterogeneous sample of school-aged children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Method: Eye-tracking measures of visual fixation during free-viewing of dynamic social scenes were obtained for 109…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Autism, Older Adults, Eye Movements
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Lupyan, Gary; Mirman, Daniel; Hamilton, Roy; Thompson-Schill, Sharon L. – Cognition, 2012
Humans have an unparalleled ability to represent objects as members of multiple categories. A given object, such as a pillow may be--depending on current task demands--represented as an instance of something that is soft, as something that contains feathers, as something that is found in bedrooms, or something that is larger than a toaster. This…
Descriptors: Evidence, Reading Difficulties, Stimulation, Classification
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