Areas of controversy covered center around the nature of the disorder, the effects of drugs, and methodological problems. Alternative approaches offered focus on evaluation and remedial techniques. (DLS)

The treatment appeared to be functionally related to significant reduction in the self-stimulatory behavior in the treatment setting. In addition, a functional relationship was indicated between treatment conditions in one setting and changes in behavior rates in two other nontreatment settings. (Author/DLS)

The present investigation was designed to examine the relationship, if any, between extraversion and modes of reinforcement (reward or punishment) in verbal operant conditioning (VOC). (Author)

From its inception in the 1930s until very recent times, the cumulative recorder was the most widely used measurement instrument in the experimental analysis of behavior. It was an essential instrument in the discovery and analysis of schedules of reinforcement, providing the first real-time analysis of operant response rates and patterns. This…

Effects of repeated administration of cocaine to animals behaving under operant contingencies have depended on when the drug is given. Moderate doses given presession have generally led to a decrease in the drug's effect, an outcome usually referred to as tolerance. When these same doses have been given after sessions, the usual result has been no…

Although function transfer often has been studied in complex operant procedures (such as matching to sample), whether operant reinforcement actually produces function transfer in such settings has not been established. The present experiments, with high school students as subjects, suggest that stimulus pairings can promote function transfer in…

Extinction of operantly conditioned responses, which provides a measure of the ability to adapt to changes in the reinforcement value of stimuli, has been linked to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in human and non-human animals. This article examines the feasibility of using extinction as a measure of the development of OFC function in preschool-age…

Response rates under random-interval schedules are lower when a brief (500 ms) signal accompanies reinforcement than when there is no signal. The present study examined this signaled-reinforcement effect and its relation to resistance to change. In Experiment 1, rats responded on a multiple random-interval 60-s random-interval 60-s schedule, with…

FIVE RECENT STUDIES AIMED AT MEASURING THE AMOUNT OF TRANSFER-OF-TRAINING FROM SPEECH TO WRITING (AS DEMONSTRATED BY STUDENTS PREVIOUSLY CONDITIONED THROUGH AUDIOLINGUAL CLASSROOM DRILL) ARE EVALUATED IN THIS PAPER. FOLLOWING A REVIEW OF PRELIMINARY RESEARCH, THE METHODOLOGY USED TO CONDITION THE STUDENTS AND TO TEST FOR TRANSFER IS DESCRIBED AND…

The present study explored a method of altering the reinforcing properties of the verbal event good in chronic, process, nonparanoid schizophrenics. When good was repeatedly paired with the termination of censure in the reaction time task, it became an effective reinforcer on a subsequent verbal conditioning task. (Author)

Two experiments designed to modify kindergarteners' pro-Euro-American and anti-Afro-American bias are reported. After an operant learning procedure, 30 Euro- and Afro-American kindergarteners showed reduced bias on a test not associated with the training. A curriculum promoting positive associations to dark-skinned persons had effect on 70…

The study showed that the experimental subjects made more correct responses, rated sessions positively, manifested a greater number of desired study behaviors, and increased their rate of responding and study behaviors, than the control subjects. (Author/BP)